End-Use Consumption of Electricity 2001

Electricity is consumed for a wide variety of uses in the home. This web product presents a detailed account of the amount of electricity used to operate numerous appliances in 2001.

Similar analyses were conducted for the 1987, 1990, 1993, and 1997 RECS. Table 1 summarizes the results.

Table 1. Percent of Electricity Consumption by End Use

Summary Results for 2001 RECS:

• The largest use of electricity in the average U.S. household was for appliances (including refrigerators and lights), which consume approximately two thirds of all the electricity used in the residential sector (Figure 1, Table 2);

   

• Air-conditioning accounted for an estimated 16 percent, space heating 10 percent, and water heating 9 percent;

   

• No single appliance dominated the use of electricity. Refrigerators consumed the most electricity (14 percent of total electricity use for all purposes), followed by lighting (9 percent), clothes dryers (6 percent), freezers (3 percent), and color TV’s (3 percent);

   

• The many other electrical appliances are grouped together and their total consumption is shown as "All Others" (Figure 1). Included are some appliances, such as VCR's that typically are found in almost all homes but use small amounts of electricity, as well as appliances that use large amounts of electricity but are found in relatively few homes, such as swimming pool pumps;

• "Residual" includes appliances for which RECS did not collect data (irons, hair dryers, electric blankets, power tools, and many more) and errors in the estimation procedure.

Table 2. Residential Consumption of Electricity by End Use, 2001

End Use/Appliance	Households (millions)	Units (million)	Electricity Consumption for 2001
			Annual Consumption		Total (billion kWh)	Percent
			kWh per unit	kWh per household
Total Households	107.0			10,656	1,139.9	100.0
Refrigerators	106.8	126.0	1,239	1,462	156.1	13.7
Air-Conditioning
Central Air-Conditioners	57.5			2,796	160.6	14.1
Room Air-Conditionersa	23.3	38.2	580	950	22.2	1.9
Total					182.8	16.0
Space Heating
Main Space-Heating Systems	30.9			3,524	109.0	9.6
Secondary Space-Heating Equipmentb	12.9			503	6.5	0.6
Total					115.5	10.1
Water Heating	40.8			2,552	104.1	9.1
Lighting (indoor and outdoor)	107.0			940f	100.5	8.8
Other Appliances (total of list below)	107.0			4,495	480.8	42.2
Clothes Dryer	61.1			1,079	65.9	5.8
Freezer	34.2	37.9	1, 039	1,150	39.3	3.5
Furnace Fan	76.3		500g		38.2	3.3
Dishwasher	56.7			512l	29.0	2.5
Electric Range Topc	59.7		536g		32.0	2.8
Electric Ovend	47.8		440g		21.0	1.8
Microwave Oven	92.1		209g		19.3	1.7
Electric Toaster Oven	36.1		50g		1.8	0.2
Coffee Makerse	51.3		116g		6.0	0.5
Color TV	105.8	242.6	137	313h	33.1	2.9
VCR/DVD	96.1	161.9	70h	118	11.3	1.0
Cable Boxes	24.4		120i		2.9	0.3
Satellite Dish	13.9		130i		1.8	0.2
Personal Computer (Desk Top)	54.2	65.8	262j	318	17.2	1.5
Personal Computer (Lap Top)	14.2	16.6	77k	90	1.3	0.1
Printer with Fax/copier	12.6		216g		2.7	0.2
Printer without Fax/copier	40.2		45g		1.8	0.2
Pool Filter/pump	6.5		1,500g		9.8	0.9
Pool/Hot Tub/Spa Heater	3.3		2,300g		7.6	0.7
Ceiling Fan	69.6	192.8	50g	138	9.6	0.8
Clothes Washer f	84.1		120g,l		10.1	0.9
Waterbed Heater	5.5	6.4	900g	1,035	5.7	0.5
Well Water Pump	13.8		400g		5.5	0.5
Dehumidifier	12.1		400g		4.8	0.4
Evaporator Cooler	2.7		1,183g		3.2	0.3
Compact Stereo System	36.5		81g		3.0	0.3
Component Stereo System	36.3		55g		2.0	0.2
Portable Stereo (Boom Box)	26.1		19g		0.5	0.0
Other Stereo System	3.1		55g		0.2	0.0
Large, Heated Aquarium	4.5		548g		2.5	0.2
Answering Machine	65.7		35g		2.3	0.2
Cordless Telephone	81.5		26g		2.1	0.2
Rechargeable Tools	47.7		43g		2.1	0.2
Humidifier	15.6		100g		1.6	0.1
Automobile Block/Engine/Battery Heater	2.3		200g		0.5	0.0
Residual	107.0				83.1	7.3

  ^a2001 RECS reported 0.8 million households having both central air-conditioning and room/wall air-conditioners. These households were included in the count of 57.5 million households using central air-conditioning and they were excluded from the count of 23.3 million households with room/wall air-conditioners.
  ^bThe 2001 RECS reported 2.8 million households having both electric main space-heating and electric secondary space-heating equipment. These households were included in the count of 30.9 million households using electric main space-heating and they were excluded from the count of 12.9 million households with electric secondary space-heating.
  ^cHouseholds where most used range was electric and the household cooked more than one meal per week.
  ^dHouseholds where most used oven was electric and the household used oven more than once per week.
  ^eHouseholds that used the coffee maker more than once per week.
  ^f1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) does not cover halogen torchiere lamps.
  ^gEnergy Data Sourcebook for the U.S. Residential Sector, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1997.
  ^hEnergy Use of Televisions and Videocassette Recorders in the U.S., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1999;
  ⁱVideo Networks: A Surprising Energy Drain, Home Energy Magazine Online May/June 1999;
  ^jElectricity Consumption by Small End Uses in Residential Buildings, Arthur D. Little, 1998;
  ^k2004 Annual Energy Outlook.
  ^lDoes not include energy used to heat water coming into the washer
  Notes: • "Residual" includes appliances not listed, such as irons, hair dryers, electric blankets, power tools, air cleaners, and a myriad of other small electrical appliances. • "Residual" also includes errors that may be present in estimates of annual consumption. • Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. •This table does not reflect the interactive effects of appliance usage, especially when mixing the estimates from RECS with those from outside sources.
    Sources: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C, E, and H of the 1997 RECS; Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, 1993 and 2001 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys.

A regression-based procedure End-Use Estimation Methodology was used to estimate the amount of electricity used for the major end uses (air conditioning, space heating, water heating, refrigerators, clothes dryers and freezers). Results of the 1993 RECS special lighting supplement Residential Lighting Use and Potential Savings were used to estimate the average amount of electricity used for lighting. Data on the annual electricity consumption of other electrical appliances were obtained from outside sources.

The 2001 RECS estimates are air-conditioning 16 percent, space heating 10 percent, water heating 9 percent, and appliances 65 percent. Changes in the percentages reflect actual changes in the percentages, changes in the methodology used to estimate the amount of electricity used for the various end uses, and errors in the estimation procedure. An example where a change in methodology resulted in a large change is the estimated amount of electricity used for cooking. The 1997 end-use and appliance table used a regression-based estimate and an outside estimate of the amount of electricity used in microwave ovens. The 2001 end-use and appliance table did not use a regression estimate. It used outside estimates of the amount of electricity used in electricity ranges, electric ovens, microwave ovens, electric toaster ovens, and coffee makers.

Contact: Stephanie.Battles@eia.doe.gov Stephanie J. Battles Survey Manager Phone: (202) 586-7237 Fax: (202) 586-0018

Robert.Latta@eia.doe.gov

Robert B. Latta

Author

Phone: (202) 586-1385

Fax: (202) 586-0018