IRAQ:
Talks Do Not Constitute
Agreement
Mohammed Amin Abdulqadir
ARBIL, Aug 22 (IPS) - Iraqi political factions have not been able to work out
an agreement on a new constitution despite extended deadlines and growing U.S.
pressure.
Late Monday Shia groups announced an agreement with Kurdish leaders. But Sunni
leaders denied a deal, and Kurdish leaders declined comment.
Given the sharp differences over fundamental issues, leaders involved in the
negotiations have become increasingly pessimistic that there will be a
breakthrough.
"It's really impossible that talks would reach a final result in the remaining
time since the views are so far from each other," Falakaddin Kakayee, 62, a top
Kurdish negotiator told IPS from Baghdad.
"Shias are pushing for a religious state with a lot of restrictions on
individuals, women and minority rights," he said. "The issue here is not just
Kurdish demands. Basic freedoms and democracy are at stake."
The Iraqi National Assembly (INA) had unanimously voted last Monday to extend
the deadline by another week. But after another week of talks the leaders from
different groups were still talking differences.
The latest talks have mainly been between Shia and Kurdish leaders after members
of the Iraqi constitutional panel failed to finalise a draft agreement ahead of
the first Aug. 15 deadline.
Conflicting statements have emerged over the points of disagreement. But major
differences have arisen around such basic issues as federalism, the distribution
of natural wealth, the role of Islam in state affairs and women's rights.
Iraqi Kurds demand a large degree of autonomy for their areas, and want
Kurdistan in the north to be considered a single administrative unit in a
constitution. They also want a substantial share of the natural wealth in their
region. Shia and Sunni Arabs see this as preparation for secession.
But Shias want something similar. Earlier this month Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, leader
of Iraq's largest Shia party, the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in
Iraq, told a mass gathering of his followers in Najaf that "establishing a Shia
federal region in the southern part of Iraq is necessary and is a public
demand."
The remark provoked a strong reaction from Iraq's Sunni minority, who have ruled
the country since its foundation in the early 1920s until the fall of Saddam
Hussein's regime in 2003. They consider calls for such federalism both by Kurds
and Shias as signs of a break-up of the country.
Another danger sign is the differences over Islam. During the drafting of the
interim constitution in March 2004, Shia religious parties acceded to a
provision that would set Islam as just one of the sources of legislation. But
this time they are asking for Islam to be the principal source of Iraqi law.
That demand has run into tough resistance from Kurds and other secular forces.
Iraqi women's groups have held mass demonstrations against the Shia proposals.
"This is the biggest violation, and a blow not only to the rights of women but
to all Iraqi individuals because it restricts individual liberties and creates
gender discrimination," Khaman Zirar, 31, an activist and a member of the
Kurdistan regional parliament told IPS.
A senior official of the Kurdistan Democratic Party led by Massoud Barzani has
warned of the possibility of "Kurds resorting to the option of dissolving the
INA" if talks do not lead anywhere.
"For several days talks between Iraqi political leaders are intensively going
on, yet instead of progress we have witnessed setbacks regarding some issues,"
he said in a statement.
He also denied reports that Kurds have given up the option of
self-determination. The concept of respecting the constitution is liable to
different interpretations, he said. (END/2005)
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