Yellowstone Grizzly Bear
Recovery Shows Endangered Species Act Success
November 15, 2005 — By National Wildlife Federation
WASHINGTON — “Yellowstone grizzly bear recovery is the best kind of proof that
those in Congress who say the Endangered Species Act doesn’t work are wrong,”
Jim Lyon, National Wildlife Federation senior vice president for Conservation
Programs, said here today. “The nation’s safety net for imperiled wildlife works
and the American people want it to stay that way.”
Lyon spoke during a press conference held by Interior Secretary Gale Norton at
which she announced that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing to
remove Yellowstone grizzlies from the list of species requiring the intensive
care provided by the Endangered Species Act.
“The Endangered Species Act charted the path for the Yellowstone grizzly bears’
recovery,” Lyon said.
National Wildlife Federation state affiliate organizations in Montana, Wyoming
and Idaho also support delisting Yellowstone grizzlies.
“The Endangered Species Act has achieved another major success with the recovery
of Yellowstone grizzly bears,” said Tom France, director of the National
Wildlife Federation’s Northern Rockies Natural Resource Center. “All of the
recovery goals for grizzly bears in Yellowstone have been met or exceeded,” he
continued, referring to population, distribution and mortality goals established
for grizzly bear recovery.
The Fish and Wildlife Service plan calls for returning grizzly bear management
in the Yellowstone area that includes Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks
and surrounding National Forest lands to the governments of Montana, Wyoming and
Idaho. Grizzly bear management on state and federal lands in the Yellowstone
area will be further guided by a grizzly bear conservation strategy adopted in
2003.
“Conserving imperiled wildlife is one of our greatest responsibilities as
stewards of the land,” France said. “We can all celebrate the fact that thanks
to the Endangered Species Act, our children and grandchildren will be able to
see wild grizzlies in Yellowstone, something we could not have promised 30 years
ago.”
The National Wildlife Federation played an important role in developing the
package of protections that will be implemented following delisting. The
Federation, for example, was instrumental in convening a governors’ round table
in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho in a process that has produced state plans for
grizzly bear management that France termed “commendable.” The Federation also
made substantial contributions to decisions that increased designations of
habitat for current and future grizzly bear occupancy from 6 million to more
than 12 million acres in the greater Yellowstone region.
“A key Endangered Species Act objective is to achieve self-sustaining
populations in the wild,” explained Steve Torbit, director of the National
Wildlife Federation’s Rocky Mountain Natural Resource Center in Denver. “That
objective has been achieved in Yellowstone.”
The 1993 Yellowstone grizzly bear plan contains three specific recovery goals
needed to qualify bears for release from the Endangered Species Act’s emergency
room protections:
? Population Recovery Goal: The grizzly population must contain at least 15
adult females with cubs. Fact on the ground: The average over the past six years
has been 40 female grizzlies with cubs. In 2002, 52 females with cubs were
observed. Since the 1980s the population has been growing a 4 to 7 percent
annually thanks to the efforts that have been made to reduce human-caused
mortality to grizzlies.
? Distribution Recovery Goal: Adult female grizzlies with young must occupy at
least 16 of the 18 bear management units that comprise the Primary Conservation
Area in the Yellowstone ecosystem. Fact on the ground: This goal has been met
since 1998. In 4 of the last 6 years, adult females with young have occupied all
18 units, according to the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team.
? Mortality Recovery Goal: Overall bear mortality must be limited to no more
than nine percent of the females and 15 percent of males based on the estimate
of the population of bears two years old or older, including an estimate of
unreported mortalities. Fact on the ground: This goal has been met since 1996
(although a previous method of calculating allowable mortality was slightly
exceeded during 2004 and 2005).
“The facts of Yellowstone grizzly recovery are conclusive,” France said. “The
Endangered Species Act has accomplished exactly what it was designed to do. It’s
now time to recognize that success and move forward.”
Under the Fish and Wildlife Service plan, the core of current and future grizzly
bear habitat in Yellowstone will be 5.9 million acres called the Primary
Conservation Area that consists of National Forest lands (58.5 percent),
National Park lands (39.4 percent) and other ownerships (2.1 percent). Within
this core area, land management by the Forest Service and the National Park
Service is designed to assure that habitat conditions will continue to give
grizzly bear needs a priority. These strategies are laid out in a Conservation
Strategy and a package of forest plan revisions for the six National Forests
surrounding Yellowstone.
An additional 6 million acres outside the primary conservation area are
designated to be managed to permit continued grizzly bear occupancy and, in some
cases, additional population growth and expansion into currently unoccupied
areas
“The Wyoming Game and Fish Department and the other state agencies have
contributed greatly to the recovery effort so far,” said Mark Winland, President
of the Wyoming Wildlife Federation. “We are confident they will continue to do
so following delisting.”
“The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks has been a leader in
developing programs to minimize conflicts between grizzlies and people,” said
Chris Marchion, president of the Montana Wildlife Federation. “These efforts,
coupled with education, are they key to a solid grizzly bear management
program.”
“Yellowstone grizzly bear recovery is a model of how federal and state agencies,
along with concerned conservation organizations and the public should work
together,” said Kent Marlor, president of the Idaho Wildlife Federation. “Idaho
is fully engaged with grizzly recovery. This is evidenced in the recommendations
of the Governor’s Grizzly Bear Delisting group. We back the recommendations 100
percent.”
“A sound foundation is in place to ensure that grizzlies continue to thrive
after they are released from the emergency room care of the Endangered Species
Act,” France said. “Part of that foundation is extensive monitoring so that if
problems arise, corrective action can be taken.”
Within the lower 48 states, grizzly bear populations have been reduced to a mere
2 percent of their former range due to a combination of excessive hunting,
conversion of habitat to human uses and fragmentation of habitat caused by such
things as extensive networks of logging roads.
Grizzly bears were brought under federal management when they were listed under
the Endangered Species Act in 1975. At that time, fewer than 250 bears occupied
the Yellowstone area. Since then, the coordinated efforts of state and federal
agencies working with conservation organizations and private citizens have
increased the population to more than 600 bears.
In addition to the Yellowstone grizzlies, approximately 600 bears occupy habitat
in the lower 48, including portions of Glacier National Park and adjacent areas
in Montana and in northern Washington adjacent to the Canadian border. The
population of grizzly bears in Alaska is estimated at 31,700 and in Canada at
25,000.
“Now that we have achieved success in the Yellowstone area, we can bring new
attention and resources to conserving other grizzly bear populations,” said
France. “Grizzly bear recovery has lagged in the Cabinet-Yaak, Selkirk, North
Cascade and Bitterroot areas.”
About the National Wildlife Federation
The National Wildlife Federation is America’s conservation organization
protecting wildlife for our children’s future.
Fact sheets on Yellowstone grizzly bears are available at
www.nwf.org/news.
Contact Info:
Tom France
406-721-6705
Sterling Miller
406-721-6705
Steve Torbit
303-786-8001 ext. 17
Ben McNitt
202-797-6855
Website :
www.nwf.org