Nation's Energy Needs
Open New, Old Opportunities
April 17, 2006 — By James Hannah, Associated Press
CADIZ, Ohio — There are new signs of
life in Ohio's coal fields.
Coal mining was once king in the state's Appalachian foothills. But the
industry went into a nosedive in the 1980s because of falling foreign
demand and increased production of cheaper coal from Western states.
Mines closed, and a generation of potential miners left their tiny towns
to make their livings elsewhere, dealing a hard blow to a region already
lagging behind the state economically.
With the skyrocketing cost of oil and new pollution controls, coal is on
the rebound. Mines are being reopened, and new miners are being hired.
"The market's very strong," said Bruce Hann, general manager of Central
Appalachian Mining of Ohio, which in 2004 reopened the Hopedale Mine
near this eastern Ohio town of about 3,300. "It was just an economic
decision. It made sense."
Demand for U.S. coal is expected to be a record 1.2 billion tons this
year, up from 1.18 billion in 2005, according to the National Mining
Association. Production is forecast to be 1.16 billion tons, a 3.2
percent increase over 2005.
Sixty-nine mines opened in Appalachia last year, according to the U.S.
Energy Information Administration.
The nation's mining work force dropped from nearly 178,000 in 1984 to
71,000 in 2003. Now, miners are in such need in Kentucky that coal
companies are running ads and conducting job fairs. Companies in West
Virginia are offering pay increases, improved benefits and bonuses to
attract new miners and to keep existing workers from being raided by
competitors.
Many credit coal's revival to it being seen as an alternative to
increasingly expensive oil and natural gas. Others point to the binge in
construction of -- or plans for -- new coal-fired power plants to
satisfy the nation's surging demand for electricity.
High-sulfur coal tied to air-polluting sulfur dioxide was once shunned
because it was too expensive and dirty to burn, blamed for acid rain and
watershed damage. But more power plants are using advanced
pollution-controlling "scrubbers" and are better equipped to handle such
fuel.
There are about 100 mines and 35 coal companies in Ohio. An estimated
24.6 million tons of coal were mined last year by the state's 2,500 mine
workers. That's up from 23.5 million tons in 2004 and 22.3 million tons
in 2003, when there were 2,300 workers.
Central Appalachian Mining has hired 25 new miners at Hopedale in the
past year, increasing its work force to 190. The company has invested
$14 million for new equipment and expects to work the mine for more than
15 years before the coal runs out.
The workers dig coal in tiny tunnels, most only 5 feet high, more than
500 feet underground. The mine operates seven days a week in two 10-hour
shifts.
In the mine, a four-wheeled, 60-ton behemoth called a Continuous Mining
Machine -- or "the miner" -- chews into the coal with big steel teeth
that rotate on a drum. The machine tears coal from the wall and quickly
fills itself up like a bowl of cereal. Shuttle cars carry the coal to
the conveyor belt, nearly spanning the 17-foot width of the tunnel.
The 190 workers are putting out 1,100 tons of coal per shift. That will
translate into 1.8 million tons of coal this year, up from 1.4 million
in 2005.
Safety measures are taken to prevent cave-ins and injuries from the
heavy equipment, but the work is dirty and grueling. Headlamps stab tiny
lights through inky blackness, with heavy machinery roaring and coal
dust flying.
Jim Allender, a crew leader at the mine, remembers when the coal
industry began cutting back.
"You couldn't buy a job in a mine then," said Allender, 47, of Bergholz.
"I tried trucking. That didn't work out too good. Coal mining definitely
helps the economics in this area."
But the coal comeback raises concerns for those who point out that the
region's environment still bears the scars of mining, with polluted
waterways, strip-mined hills and damaged watersheds -- land that drains
water into rivers and streams.
"We're looking for the day when both the extraction and burning of coal
can be done a lot better and less harmfully than it is today," said
Keith Dimoff, deputy director of the Ohio Environmental Council. "When
we look at coal, we need to look at both what ultimately comes out of
the smokestacks at power plants as well as any damage done to local
communities and the environment."
The Monday Creek Restoration Project, based in New Straitsville, cleans
up abandoned coal sites with the help of federal money. Its watershed
coordinator, Mike Steinmaus, said Ohio streams were polluted by
abandoned coal mines when there were few environmental regulations.
Acidic water from abandoned mines and piles of coal waste left streams
uninhabitable for fish and other aquatic life.
He said stronger environmental regulation is in effect now, and he
agreed that coal offers new hope to communities such as New Straitsville,
down to 570 residents compared with 3,000 during the coal boom.
"Without the mines being here, the communities have essentially withered
away," Steinmaus said. "It's certainly a social and economic problem."
Mine jobs pay about $21 a hour, more than most in this area.
"When I was young, there were two options -- steel mills or coal mines,"
said Jeff Sabo, 55, a third-generation miner employed as safety
supervisor at Hopedale Mine.
Sabo, a notebook and a package of peanut butter crackers sticking out
from the front pockets of his overalls, recounted that he went to work
in the mines after leaving the military in 1971 and enrolled at Ohio
University at the same time. A philosophy major, Sabo hoped to teach,
but he decided to drop out and work the mines full time.
He says he has no regrets. His earnings have helped put his two children
through college. One is an architect, and the other a speech therapist.
"This is definitely one of the premier jobs in Harrison County," he
said. "It's enabled me to have a good life."
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Cincinnati correspondent Dan Sewell in Athens contributed to this
report.
Source: Associated Press
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