By Steve Toloken
Too much of China´s electronics recycling is done in ways
that aren´t good for the people doing it or for the environment.
Groups like the Basel Action Network and Greenpeace have
documented how recycling plants will burn plastic openly to get
at more valuable materials, or how farmers will run primitive
backyard recycling operations to melt circuit boards.
But my recent visit to a Guangzhou factory offers an
interesting glimpse into what could be an environmentally
sustainable approach.
There, a 1-year-old joint venture between U.S. electronics
waste recycler MBA Polymers Inc. and steel recycler Guangzhou
Iron & Steel Enterprises is using the latest technology to mine
a stream of ground-up plastic and materials from things like
computers and kitchen appliances and extract valuable ABS,
high-impact polystyrene and polypropylene.
Contrast that with local recycling operations. According to
reports, government officials in Guangdong province, where
Guangzhou is, started an investigation Jan. 24 into whether
plastic recycling factories are releasing chemicals into rivers,
or forcing their $100-a-month employees to breathe hazardous
fumes.
The $12 million MBA-GISE plant is the first commercial
venture for California-based MBA, with funding by GE Plastics
and electronics contract maker Flextronics International Ltd.,
along with the U.S. government, to develop its technology and
provide seed capital.
The technology is not a panacea for environmental problems
caused by Chinese recycling, particularly if, as BAN and
Greenpeace report, some Chinese farmers feel they have no other
way to make ends meet. On the other hand, China´s government is
talking as though it wants more sustainable development.
That makes MBA´s presence there interesting. During a recent
tour of the plant, managers told me they are happy with how
things have fared so far, but say they are still fine-tuning.
There are challenges in relying on someone else´s trash as
your raw material. MBA-GISE has a radiation detector to screen
incoming loads, but it has yet to find any contamination. There
are more subtle challenges. The plant can wind up with waste
plastic from products made 10 years ago that may contain
additives that since have been declared environmental
contaminants, such as brominated flame retardants.
Ultimately, the operation wants to sell its material to users
like Flextronics or GE Plastics. "The economics are improving,"
said Darren Arola, MBA global director of product development
and sales. But, "they are not where we want them to be," he
added.
MBA relies on government-mandated collection programs for
e-waste, and the Guangzhou plant was built partly with Japan´s
extensive e-waste recycling systems in mind. Its second plant is
going up in Europe, where there also is a legislative push.
Given that China is considering similar legislation, it seems
likely there is going to be more use for MBA´s approach, rather
than less.
Toloken is Hong Kong correspondent for Crain
Communications´ Plastics News.
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