Food & Water Watch just released its 2010 Smart Seafood Guide
to the safety and sustainability of more than 100 kinds of fish
and shellfish. Now I still love the Monterey Bay Aquarium's
pocket guides and searchable Seafood Watch site (the only place
where you can geek out with a trawling fact card, as far as I
know), but the Smart Seafood Guide has a few unique features
worth pointing out.
For starters, while some guides only address human health issues
(like mercury) and environmental problems (like overfishing),
Food & Water Watch also considers seafood's socioeconomic
impact. "For example, lobster is a a key part of the economy up
in Maine," says Marianne Cufone, director of Food & Water
Watch's fish program. "Knowing that fact is really important to
some consumers."
Another handy thing: It's organized by texture and taste, so you
can figure out the safest and most sustainable options in
categories such as "mild" and "steak-like." This makes it easy
to figure out substitutes for recipes.
Here's Food & Water Watch's "dirty dozen" list of seafood that failed to meet at least two of the group's criteria. For more details, plus a list of alternatives for each verboten species, check out the guide. In no particular order:
1. King crab: Even though crab is abundant in some parts of the US, imports from Russia—which aren't well regulated—are much cheaper and more common.
2. Caviar, especially from beluga and other wild-caught sturgeon: Overfishing and poaching of this coveted species is very common.
3. Atlantic bluefin tuna: Extreme overfishing, plus concerns about mercury and PCB contamination.
4. Orange roughy: May contain mercury and "is particularly vulnerable to overfishing due to its long lifespan and slow maturation."
5. Atlantic flatfish (e.g. flounder, sole and halibut): Seriously overfished.
6. American eel: Concerns about mercury and PCBs.
7. Atlantic Cod: Overfished, and also has major bycatch problems.
8. Imported catfish: Much of it comes from Southeast Asia, "where use of chemicals and antibiotics is barely regulated."
9. Chilean seabass: Concerns about mercury, plus illegal fishing in Chile damages marine life and seabirds.
10. Shark: May contain mercury, also overfished.
11. Atlantic and farmed salmon: Concerns
about contamination with PCB, pesticides, and antibiotics. Also,
waste and germs from salmon farms often leaches out of the cages
and can harm the surrounding marine life.
12. Imported shrimp: About 90 percent of it comes from countries where the seafood industry (waste control, chemical use, and labor) isn't well regulated.
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