Cold Fusion is Here, It's Real, and its Time has Come
LENR Is Here, But Is It Real, and Has Its Time Come?
opednews.com
By
steve windisch
(about the author)
By Steve Windisch 2-2012
Image from Energetics SuperWave [tm] public release video
Over the last several years, there have been many reports around the
world about important multiple successes with what is popularly known as
"Cold Fusion", or more properly what is now known as "Low-Energy Nuclear
Reactions" (LENR). The latest was from January 31, 2012 at M.I.T. in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Professors Peter L. Hagelstein and Mitchell
Swartz gave a symposium and short class where a successful 2-day LANL /
LENR/ Cold Fusion experiment was done publicly that produced at least 10
times the energy out, than was used.
This event was especially significant, since it was some professors
and administration officials at M.I.T. who were leading the anti-cold
fusion attack wave in the early 1990's. Pro-CF proponents, such as the
late Dr. Eugene Mallove of Harvard and M.I.T. who wrote books and
articles on LENR before his murder in 2004, have theorized that the
vehement attacks, derision, and accusations publicly made about it then
were at least partially about M.I.T. and others trying to protect the
large amount of government funding they received for "hot fusion"
research; which would soon become utterly obsolete if cold fusion were a
reality. LENR research is dozens of times less expensive to perform than
hot fusion research, and much less ongoing funding is needed to maintain
a laboratory. No one knows for sure the real reasons CF was completely
discarded and discredited in the U.S. in the early 1990's; and certainly
many skeptics there and other places were genuine in their
condemnations, since many labs attempted "honest" replications and
failed to get any positive results (but others during that time did in
fact get good results). At any rate, events have proven that the early
Pons and Fleischmann experiments were indeed correct and worthy of much
greater study and investment, and the most prestigious scientific
institute of all, M.I.T., has now seen a successful public demonstration
and verification over 20 years later.
Besides the above, NASA and other agencies of the U.S. government
have expressed great interest in LENR. In late 2011, a presentation
about it was given at a major NASA meeting, verifying it is a valid and
highly important technology that will be pursued in the future. Dr.
Dennis Bushnell, highly respected Chief Scientist at NASA Langley, has
recently made several positive public statements about LENR and its
validity. And back in 2008, the CBS "Sixty Minutes" TV show did a
segment on it ("Cold Fusion is Hot Again"), where the
amazing statement that the U.S. Naval Research Lab had positively
verified significant excess energy production was first publicly made.
Unfortunately, since that Sixty Minutes program first aired, very little
has changed regarding LENR in the U.S.: University labs are still
routinely denied funding to study LENR (difficult to understand, until
one "follows the money" and sees that the majority of these funds for
university-level energy research now come as endowments and grants from
large corporations such as oil companies), and we hear very little about
it in the mainstream media.
Scientists generally don't like the "Cold Fusion" term. First, it
conjures up the media circus from 1989 / 1990 when the discovery was
first announced with great hoopla at a press conference by Dr.'s Stanley
Pons and Martin Fleischmann at the University of Utah... then
immediately later derided almost universally in the press as "bad
science" and "fraud". These claims by the U.S. mainstream media were
later proven themselves to be false and libelous by over a hundred
successful replications around the world - recorded over the last 22
years by reputable scientists at prestigious institutions who have
published over 200 Peer-Reviewed Scientific Papers on the subject,
proving that the effect does definitely exist and is highly significant.
Yet the damage was done in the U.S. public's mind, and the retractions
and apologies from the media and skeptics did not come. Dr. Fleischmann
has stated that the press conference that started the media circus, and
the use of the word "fusion", were tactical mistakes and mostly beyond
his control. However, events have shown he was not mistaken in his data
nor results.
The term "Cold Fusion" also goes against the tenets of Scientific
Method in that we don't know absolutely for sure if the reaction is
"fusion" in nature yet, although there is significant empirical evidence
for this including dozens of reports of production of Helium and
Hydrogen isotopes and low levels of gamma radiation detected during the
reaction (that are easily shielded against). So instead, scientists in
the field usually prefer the terms either "LANL" (Lattice
Assisted Nuclear Reaction), or "LENR" (Low Energy Nuclear
Reaction). One thing is sure, that if this reaction eventually turns out
to be "Chemical" in nature, then radically new theories explaining it
for that scientific discipline will be required as well, as they would
for Physics if the reaction is indeed "nuclear" in origin as most
believe.
And this, in essence, is one of the mains problems for its full
acceptance by the scientific mainstream: There are yet no widely
accepted Scientific Theories to explain the empirically collected data
of excess energy production that has been carefully recorded many times
using accepted means. Several well-done Theories exist and have been put
forward, but none have received any acclaim... and all have been
generally met with either silence or open hostility. It would seem on
the surface, that for decades LENR was a mostly "forbidden subject", not
much different than "Galileo's Telescope" in the eyes of the 15th
Century Church. In this case, the "Church" is the mainstream scientific
community, and the "Telescope"" that they have often strangely and
steadfastly refused to "look in to"" is a clean and safe energy
producing technology that would spell the end of 100 years of unbridled
fossil fuel use, greatly helping to free us from many social, economic,
geopolitical, and ecological problems that now plague our world.
Whatever the Name, It Works and is Important
LENR produces heat... generally used to create hot water or steam.
The steam coming from heat exchangers and water jackets can be used to
replace fission nuclear reactors that use highly dangerous radioactive
fuel. Or more importantly... dirty and poisonous coal, natural gas mined
using polluting "fracking" means, or fuel oil coming from the highly
toxic Alberta Tar Sands, drilled for using highly risky deep water
wells, or from unfriendly and unstable countries often embroiled in wars
our soldiers must fight and die in. All these are used to fire or
otherwise heat boilers feeding the steam turbines that in turn power
electrical generators. These are the polluting or inherently dangerous
methods presently used to generate up to 80% of all energy used on the
planet today for industry, homes, and increasingly... Electric Vehicles
(EV's). Even if LENR was used to simply "pre-heat" water that went into
a traditional coal-fired boiler, it could easily increase efficiency and
lower fossil fuel use at an existing power plant by up to 70%. Such an
interim "assisting" system could be installed with a minimum of time,
cost, and disruption to existing coal-fired installations (and even be
done without any service interruption); while all-new or heavily
modified plants would be built to benefit from zero fossil fuel or
fission nuclear use.
Several methods of LENR are being studied. The one that is most
known, and first done by Pons and Fleischmann, uses palladium electrodes
and deuterium (the "Heavy Water" atomic isotope of hydrogen naturally
found in sea water at a ratio of 1:6,000 to "regular" H). What more
recent studies have found, is that the atomic-level Lattice of the
palladium surface interacts, in some "yet to be determined" way, with
the deuterium to generate excess heat when electrical current and heat
from an outside source are applied as stimulants (the current also
performs electrolysis to disassociate the "heavy water" and provide the
freed deuterium gas). Improved results have occurred when the biasing
current is an oscillating waveform instead of flat "DC", and the
carefully pulsed waveform appears to "shake" the palladium lattice into
accepting more deuterium inside of it for increased reaction. Also, it
is often reported that increased energy production is seen when the
water bath has lithium salts dissolved in it (or other salts). A small
electric heating element is used to pre-heat the water. When successful
the reaction soon begins, the heating element is turn off, and much
higher levels of heat are produced, up to 25 times that of the energy
used to create and sustain the reaction.
Several scientists have noted that the palladium used for the
electrodes must be of a very high purity, and this is said by some
knowledgeable in the field to be behind the early failures of the
experiment in the early 1990's (most notably by M.I.T. in 1990), when
many universities attempted to replicate Pons and Fleishmann's
discovery. It seems there was only one main supplier for these
electrodes in U.S. scientific circles, and their quality and purity was
not always sufficient for the reaction to take place. How ironic and sad
would it be, if 20 years of denial and refusal to study this effect in
the U.S. were based on the use of poor-quality metals? Despite this
problem, many university and private labs, all outside of the United
States, have successfully replicated and verified the experiment (and
published Peer-Reviewed Papers on the results)" a fact that has still
not been properly reported on in the U.S. mainstream media.
Another LENR method that is presently claimed to be highly successful
(and that gained much interest in 2011), is that of using nickel
nano-powder and pressurized hydrogen. Also, an unnamed proprietary
"catalyst" is present, and the usual electrical current biasing waveform
and pre-heating are used to start the reaction. In January 2011, the
University of Bologna in Italy had a Public Demonstration of a claimed
working LENR system using the nickel powder and hydrogen method. The
main inventor was Andrea Rossi (an engineer and entrepreneur), and the
professors involved there at U. of Bologna were Dr.'s Giuseppe Levi and
Sergio Focardi. Two Swedish scientists also later supported the work:
Hanno Essén, professor of theoretical physics, and Dr. Sven Kullander,
chairman of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' Energy Committee .
The Rossi Energy Catalyzer ("ECat") system has been witnessed operating
and producing steam by many people (including, it is rumored, by U.S.
government representatives from NASA and DARPA); although there is a
great deal of skepticism and controversy surrounding it; mainly having
to do with Mr. Rossi's methods of measuring energy output, and his
insistence for keeping certain things secret (this secrecy is common
with "Patent Pending" inventions, but many believe this topic is too
important for Patents and should be "Open Sourced"). Also, another
Italian physics professor, Francesco Celani, had claimed excess heat
production using nickel-hydrogen as early as 1991 (many speculate that
Andrea Rossi was building on Celani's earlier work, but Rossi claims his
system is unique and differs significantly from any other work in the
field). Patents for Rossi's invention have been awarded in some
countries, but are reported to have been "denied" in the U.S.
The Rossi - Focardi system is claimed to produce traces of copper and
copper isotopes after months of operation... apparently caused by fusion
of the nickel powder with hydrogen. Other examples of transmutation of
elements have been reported using the deuterium-palladium method as
well: Specifically the creation of helium isotopes from hydrogen. And
like the deuterium-palladium method, small amounts of gamma radiation
have been reported during nickel-hydrogen operation. These are the main
reasons that "nuclear fusion", often claimed to be "impossible" at
near-room temperatures by many in the mainstream scientific circles, is
strongly suspected as being behind the reactions. The small amounts of
gamma radiation can be easily shielded against (for instance, a fission
nuclear reactor will have more than billion times more ionizing
radiation at any one point that remains deadly for decades and even
eons), and the gammas produced by LENR will only occur during operation:
Turn the reaction off, and there is no residual radiation. And this is
an important safety plus over fission nuclear: The danger with fission
is "turning it off" - harnessing the incredible power within the reactor
vessel that could melt down quickly when cooling fails (as we saw happen
four times at Fukushima when not only the primary cooling failed, but
all the back-ups did as well). With LENR, the challenge is to keep it
going.
In Japan, much research has been done and several well-respected
laboratories have shown excess energy production. Among these, are
Professor Yoshiaki Arata at the University of Osaka. Many speculate that
if the U.S continues to drag its heals concerning LENR, other nations
will get there first and gain the lion's share of acclaim and profit.
Several other scientists in Italy besides those mentioned have done much
work in the LENR field as well, it and Japan being the two nations who
invested the most into it at a university level during the "wilderness
years" of 1990 to 2008 when it was still wrongly discredited.
For the last 60 years, scientists have worked on "hot fusion"
techniques with virtually no success at all. Billions have been spent on
"tokamak" plasma reactors that generate huge temperatures and pressures
to mimic the heart of a star, in the hope of producing usable energy.
More recently, multiple giant laser arrays aimed at a single point
attempt to do the same. So far, none have done so with any sort of
energy efficiency. The difference with LENR is, that many times the
energy needed to sustain the reaction have been produced (the Energy
Efficiency is measured as "heat", compared to conventional means of
heating water using widely accepted techniques and formulas), making it
both ecologically highly attractive" and economically feasible. The
highest energy production reported so far, was by the "Energetics"
private laboratory in Israel, who claimed 25 times energy "out" verse
"in". The U.S. Navy Research lab has reported similar results, from a
very similar system to Energetics. These last two mentioned, were
featured in the "Sixty Minutes" program in 2008 . It was reported that
Andrea Rossi, inventor of the "Ecat", was involved in some fashion in
LENR research done for DARPA or another similar U.S. government agency
in the past. There have been de-classified U.S. government reports from
DARPA stating that LENR definitely and beyond doubt produces excess
heat... even calling it a "Disruptive Technology". Yet the U.S.
Department of Energy still apparently considers it "junk science" and
does not invest in it, nor mentions it.
There is something inherently "wrong" about the
skeptics' claims of "impossibility" of room temperature fusion. As far
as Scientific Method goes, any such claims are not correct to begin
with. Many of the continued negative claims against LENR
would appear, at least on the face of them, to be politically and
economically motivated and not based on "Science". Either they are about
"funding wars" and Byzantine inter-discipline "politics", or perhaps
about Suppression to maintain the status quo regarding Energy. And it is
important to note, that many in the field of Microbiology believe that a
fusion or a fusion-like effect takes place within living cells (a Nobel
Laureate in the field first theorized this back in the 1950's). But
often, reluctance or irrational denial is simply based on the human
desire not to be "wrong", and to resist a change of direction. All
through History, scientific dogma has turned out to be "wrong" time
after time, and was then changed to the new "truth" when the previous
dogma was discredited (only to be proved wrong again later). It would
seem to be arrogant to insist that "this time" we could not be wrong;
when every time in the past we were. Every one of those "revisions" in
Scientific Theory throughout History had a great deal of opposition to
them as well. As is often famously mentioned, it took the U.S.
mainstream scientific community over four years to accept the Wright
Brothers' flight as "fact", and that heavier-than-air manned flight was
"possible"... even after the reports of hundreds of credible
eyewitnesses. Such is the present state of LENR: The plane is flying
around the countryside visible to any who want to look; yet some in the
mainstream scientific community are still claiming it is "impossible",
and thus refusing to look.
Dr. Eugene Mallove liked to tell a story where he called up his old
Physics Professor at Harvard and presented him the case for LENR. The
Professor's reply was:
"I have had fifty years of experience in nuclear
physics and I know what's possible and what's not!" I will not look at
any more evidence! It's all junk!"
It is not "junk" sir, it is very real. And it is coming; despite the
energy corporations university grants that require it be ignored and
remain un-funded, despite Physics profs who have written books, papers,
and lectures that would be discredited; and despite a lethargic or
corrupted government more worried about pleasing some large contributors
than about the health of the planet.
The Changes that Will Come Regarding "Energy"
It is hard to imagine all the things that cheap, safe, and clean
energy production would mean to us all. First, there are the many social
issues such as "poverty" and "hunger" that would greatly benefit from
cheap and abundant energy. Food production, and specifically the use of
water for agriculture / irrigation, are huge consumers of energy. Much
of the price of food is related to this energy cost. Irrigation pumps
use a great deal of electricity, and tractors and combines use huge
amounts of fossil fuels (for instance, when the full and actual "energy
equation" is done for corn-based "Ethanol", it is found that it often
uses more energy to create than it provides). When energy is abundant
and cheap, so is fresh water: It can be pumped cheaply thousands of
kilometers, or come from seawater using desalination techniques. It can
even be accumulated from the atmosphere using large-scale moisture
collectors based on static charge. All the fears of "world water
shortages" are based on the present energy paradigm of "scarcity" and
cost. Change the equation, and suddenly hunger and lack of clean
drinking water for billions of people are simply engineering problems...
not unsolvable burdens and manufactured fears. Suddenly, things do not
appear hopeless.
What would a world be like, where there is no scarcity of clean and
safe energy? No huge corporate monopolies taking a significant portion
of our incomes for record-breaking profits, like some draconian "tax"
that politicians never complain about or even mention (and that affects
the Working Poor and Small Business much more heavily than the wealthy
or large corporations, who often can make behind-the-scenes deals to get
their energy at a discount and thus tilt the playing field even more in
their favor)? No more "winners and losers" in the energy access lottery
regarding industry and manufacturing, where energy is one of the highest
overhead factors? Where a village or town in Sub-Sahara Africa, or rural
Brazil, or Indonesia... or in West Virginia... Could have the ability to
cheaply manufacture quality goods for sale all over the world in a new
economy based on true free market competition, and not the old
restrictions caused by energy cost and other related factors like
availability of water (and the cost of transportation is also heavily
influenced by energy overhead). It is an interesting and pleasant
thought: That this world could be completely transformed for the better,
simply by first changing that now-negative energy equation. Cheap and
abundant energy equals greater prosperity for all; except perhaps the
present monopolies and trusts who control its flow and cost as they have
for over 100 years.
Perhaps it is time to start thinking in these terms: That we really
do not have to continue to live this way, and now M.I.T. has verified
it. That we do not have to destroy the environment to maintain a modern
society. We do not have to stand by helplessly and watch the suffering
of billions who lack both prosperity and the ability to create it,
because they have no access to energy. We do not have to blindly
over-pay corporate or government monopolies forever, simply for the
privilege of living a modern life that requires their premium-priced
"Energy" for every single facet of our civilization and economy. We can
change all this and more using cheap, clean, and safe energy
technologies, and do so with a minimum of government interaction... if
done smartly, probably for less money than they presently give
fabulously wealthy oil and energy corporations in subsidies... and do so
for literally thousands of times less than it will cost to survive in a
harsh and poisoned environment destroyed by fossil fuel pollution and/or
nuclear radiation: The hidden costs of fossil fuels and fission nuclear
that grow exponentially every year we ignore them.
What LENR Can and Can't Do
LENR is simply about the production of hot water. This can be used to
heat a home in winter instead of fuel oil or natural gas (as either a
service water heater or "furnace"), or to create steam to run electrical
generators at a centralized electricity plant. If the nickel-hydrogen
system of LENR is eventually verified as valid, as many believe it is
already, it will provide a highly abundant source for "fuel" (nickel
being one of the most common metals on the planet, and the usage per
kilowatt-hour is tiny at any rate, a "full tank" of it lasting many
months in the reactor). Palladium is less common, yet there is more than
enough of it to convert every power plant on Earth to LENR, because the
energy densities of LENR are so high. Deuterium is free for the taking
from seawater. Future advances will see many other applications and
methods" LENR technology is still in the "Wright Flyer" stage, and will
need time to become a "Transatlantic Jet Liner": What some detractors
and skeptics appear to demand to see before they will ever be convinced.
Yet their logic and version of "Scientific Method" they appear to
worship is completely flawed: Until proper investment and study occurs,
it will never reach an advanced state. Could they, just for a moment,
consider that to try and possible fail... would be better than wasting
another 20 years that cannot be gotten back? If they were held
personally accountable for their refusals and gate-blocking in the light
of History, would they reconsider their positions?
What LENR won't do very well in present form, is power a vehicle
directly (probably not until more efficient and cheaper means of
transferring heat directly into electricity or motion are found).
However, it can help centrally generate the electricity that charges the
batteries of EV's... making it one of the "perfect" power sources for
them, along with decentralized Wind and Solar PV.
LENR would pollute the environment a tiny fraction of what fossil
fuels presently do. The lithium salts used in some of the methods of
reaction are not "environmentally friendly" by any account (and lithium
is somewhat volatile, and probably responsible for some minor lab
mishaps that have occurred in LENR experiments), nor are some of the
metal treatments needed to manufacture electrodes. Also, the "heat
pollution" to the environment would be significant: But in fact, this
would be exactly the same level as present systems that use steam (so
the "heat pollution" issue is a "neutral", and better cooling methods
can certainly be devised to stop large amounts of heat entering the
ambient). Yet there will probably be better mediums and methods to
discover in this new field, and when the totality is examined, the plus
factor to the ecology and human health is staggering (especially when
one considers the Cancer rates in cities world-wide from Benzene, a
poison present in Diesel fumes and coal ash). And few realize the
enormous amount of fresh water that is now used to process and refine
fossil fuels, millions of gallons a day that could be used for
agriculture instead.
It is important to mention, that even when "oil" is no longer used as
a fuel, that industry will still have 30% of their present business for
other uses so it will not bankrupt them, only make them compete openly
and honestly the same as other companies have to do. That is the real
"American Way" as we learned it... not of supporting and protecting
energy monopolies, illegal trusts, and corrupted and controlled
commodities markets, especially when better means clearly exist. How
ironic is it, that the yelling about "socialism!" always ignores the
energy sector; where a socialistic-type system of subsidies, protected
monopolies, and tightly controlled markets have been in place for nearly
a century.
The one major industry that will be the new "buggy whip" when the use
of fossil fuels are greatly diminished, would be "Coal Mining" (both
strip-style "mountain top removal", and underground mines). Demand for
coal would be a small fraction presently needed (steel mills perhaps
being the last customer). Coal workers would need re-training in a new
economy freed from energy scarcity: Perhaps manufacturing solar PV
panels in new air-conditioned and safe factories, to be installed on
homeowners' and small business' roofs. Nearly every U.S. manufacturing
industry has seen very significant losses of good paying jobs in the
last two decades, for reasons that were much less pressing and all about
greed, profit, and "globalization"... not about the health and future of
the planet, nor the health of the workers. No one ever seems to care or
talk about those millions of unemployed factory workers; yet coal
industry proponents always mention the jobs lost as the main reason to
go on destroying pristine mountain vistas, or poisoning primal forests
with acid rain (or condemning millions of children to suffering asthma).
Jobs lost to corporate "free enterprise" get a shrug of: "Too bad,
that's the global economy for you!"" While jobs lost in the fossil fuel
energy sector because of new and better technologies are somehow always:
"Too high a price to even consider!"
All jobs lost are a bad thing (and deeply damage the communities of
the workers), and a serious national discussion on how to get them back
and revitalize manufacturing is desperately needed. A national push for
alternative energy will be a huge help; manufacturing and installing
solar panels on millions of roofs would be a revitalizing giant boon for
the economy of "Main Street", even if it doesn't please "Wall Street"
speculators very much. Perhaps this "displeasure" is what is stopping it
from happening in the U.S.?
Another facet is, that a new plant using LENR could be built in less
than one third the time it takes to build a new fission nuclear reactor
plant; and could do so for approximately only one fifth the cost (and
after the on-going Fukushima disaster, it is problematic whether this
highly dangerous technology will be considered seriously ever again, as
public opinion around the world is firmly against it, several nations
such as Germany and Japan have decided to get rid of it altogether... as
few believe the industry spokespersons' claims of "safety" any more).
The U.S. fission nuclear industry relies 100% on government hand-outs in
subsidies and guaranteed loans to even exist (over 30 billion dollars
were approved alone for new fission nuclear plants in 2011's budget,
never even being openly debated or mentioned in the media at a time when
cuts to social services made the news every day, and while 4 fission
nuclear plant melt-downs were occurring in Fukushima). This "free and
easy money" is not only for building new plants, but even billions more
every year going to the energy corporation operators for storing the
dangerous spent fuel they themselves create; a huge and profitable
"business" in itself. The public, paying their bloated electric bills,
actually pay for the new fission nuclear plants to be built (when they
clearly don't want them in the first place), while the energy
corporations keep all the profits that the plants generate. Many of the
fission nuclear plants built back in the 1970's and 1980's were financed
via specific rate hikes to customers... that were "strangely" never
lowered again, even after the plant had been paid off for decades.
An LENR-based reactor would cost little more to build than a
conventional coal burning plant, require little or nothing in government
aid (since the underwriting for Disaster Insurance and evacuation would
be non-existent verses a fission nuclear plant, where the government
foots the entire bill or such a dangerous thing could never be even be
funded), and would take roughly the same time frame to become
operational once an engineering design were approved. Even today, with
no such design ready to go, an LENR based plant would still likely be
operational before a fission nuclear plant that was already under
construction was completed and ready to produce electricity (fission
nuclear plants take at least 10 years to complete, longer if there are
any hitches in the NRC Licensing).
But something LENR cannot do alone, is end the monopolies and
corruption regarding energy. It is likely, as we see now with
large-scale wind and solar installations, that the same corporations and
entities that now burn fossil fuels to produce electricity, will be
building LENR plants to use with "their" electrical grids. It is
probably up to us, the People, to end their monopolies through
installing our own solar PV panels when possible on our homes and small
businesses (as the nation of Germany is successfully doing already)...
and to insist our government act to help it all happen, instead of
hindering it to protect their "client's" profits and monopolies in the
energy sector. The more of us that install our own solar PV, the cheaper
it becomes for us all to do via the "Economy of Scale", where prices
drop to less than a third of when they were manufactured in much smaller
quantities. Countries such as Germany, have proven conclusively that
modest government incentives to citizens can pay-off big; convincing
more and more folks to install their own solar panels and generate their
own power, even selling power back to the grid during the day while they
are at work. A large solar PV manufacturing and installing industry for
millions of good jobs would also be created. So de-centralized solar PV
and wind power will still be an important factor, even in a world
embracing LENR for centralized energy production. LENR will cover the
gaps that solar and wind cannot; such as powering large heavy industries
who use gigantic amounts of current. For these large industrial users,
centralized power production continues to make sense for most of their
needs. Also, it is unlikely that solar or wind can ever be so prevalent
that it can handle the large peak loads, such as hot summer days and
nights in cities; when air conditioners are running constantly and the
utilities often now have to use portable auxiliary Diesel generators to
keep up with demand (by the way, these tractor-trailer Diesel generators
are common in the industry, and it is strange that such a portable
supply could not have been quickly used in Fukushima as a tertiary back
up to run the cooling pumps, a prime example of failed safety concerns
due to "cost" and "profit" by the energy corporation operators regarding
fission nuclear, who clearly should not have such huge responsibility
over the planet and people's health). The ability to generate enough
solar or wind to power large cities "24/7", where many folks don't own
their own homes and live in high-density areas, would be very difficult
to achieve. LENR fills that gap cleanly, safely, and cheaply.
But something LENR cannot do alone, is end the monopolies and
corruption regarding energy. It is likely, as we see now with
large-scale wind and solar installations, that the same corporations and
entities that now burn fossil fuels to produce electricity, will be
building LENR plants to use with "their" electrical grids. It is
probably up to us, the People, to end their monopolies through
installing our own solar PV panels when possible on our homes and small
businesses (as the nation of Germany is successfully doing already)...
and to insist our government act to help it all happen, instead of
hindering it to protect their "client's" profits and monopolies in the
energy sector. The more of us that install our own solar PV, the cheaper
it becomes for us all to do via the "Economy of Scale", where prices
drop to less than a third of when they were manufactured in much smaller
quantities. Countries such as Germany, have proven conclusively that
modest government incentives to citizens can pay-off big; convincing
more and more folks to install their own solar panels and generate their
own power, even selling power back to the grid during the day while they
are at work. A large solar PV manufacturing and installing industry for
millions of good jobs would also be created. So de-centralized solar PV
and wind power will still be an important factor, even in a world
embracing LENR for centralized energy production. LENR will cover the
gaps that solar and wind cannot; such as powering large heavy industries
who use gigantic amounts of current. For these large industrial users,
centralized power production continues to make sense for most of their
needs. Also, it is unlikely that solar or wind can ever be so prevalent
that it can handle the large peak loads, such as hot summer days and
nights in cities; when air conditioners are running constantly and the
utilities often now have to use portable auxiliary Diesel generators to
keep up with demand (by the way, these tractor-trailer Diesel generators
are common in the industry, and it is strange that such a portable
supply could not have been quickly used in Fukushima as a tertiary back
up to run the cooling pumps, a prime example of failed safety concerns
due to "cost" and "profit" by the energy corporation operators regarding
fission nuclear, who clearly should not have such huge responsibility
over the planet and people's health). The ability to generate enough
solar or wind to power large cities "24/7", where many folks don't own
their own homes and live in high-density areas, would be very difficult
to achieve. LENR fills that gap cleanly, safely, and cheaply.
As U.S. President Obama recently stated in his 2012 "State of The
Union" Address" we need to pursue "All the Above" in alternative energy.
Many applauded this. However, we can surely forget about polluting
methods such as the humorous and absurd public relations creation of
"clean coal" when truly clean, cheap, and safe alternatives exist...
even if it means a loss of easy monopoly profit for some who have "had
it made in the shade" for the last century. In the early 1900's, no one
really cared that the "horse and buggy" industry was greatly curtailed
by the advent and huge popularity of the automobile, and they received
no government largess or corporate welfare... and they did not have the
most powerful political lobby ever seen (perhaps if they did, we would
still be riding horses to work). People were glad to see the piles of
dung gone from the roads. It is time to end the pollution, the
corruption, and the hand-outs to the fossil fuel energy giants... the
most profitable, and politically "powerful" entities in history... and
to create a world where the energy equation is Positive for us all, not
negative for all but a few.
We cannot let either corporate influence/corruption, or the lack of
interest of the mainstream scientific community stop LENR research and
development from happening as soon as possible. We should work out the
academic Theories later, let the theoretical Physicists and Chemists
fight it out in the ring while the Engineers move ahead... and stop
ignoring the empirical proofs. We need serious funding for more
research, for actual engineering work to see these things realized. Not
"ten years from now" (the same old broken political promises we have
heard for over 40 years regarding any form of Alternative Energy that
happens to threaten entrenched monopolies): But now, this year, since we
know the truth and it can no longer be denied: M.I.T., NASA, DARPA, and
a hundred laboratories around the planet have shown us this Truth.
It is time to look into the "Telescope"... even if it means changing
some text books and college curriculum notes, and breaking some highly
profitable monopolies. The cost of not doing so when we realize a
superior alternative exists and is ready to go, is too terrible to
contemplate.
The time for denial has ended; the plausible excuses are gone. The
time for action is here.
Links of Interest on LENR
M.I.T. symposium publicly demonstrates deuterium-palladium lattice
based LANL / LENR with "x10 Energy Gain" on Jan 31, 2012 , performed by
JET Energy (apparently a spin out from MIT) with Professors Hagelstein
and Swartz presiding.
http://world.std.com/~mica/cft.html
Info on Dr. Peter L. Hagelstein of M.I.T. who co-hosted the above
http://www.rle.mit.edu/rleonline/People/PeterL.Hagelstein.html
Rossi "Ecat" method of Nickel-Hydrogen LENR first public
demonstration at University of Bologna January 2011 (there were 2 more
subsequent public demonstrations, all claimed successful).
http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-01-italian-scientists-cold-fusion-video.html
The CBS "Sixty Minutes" program segment "Cold Fusion Is Hot Again",
first aired in 2009 , when the U.S. government first publicly admitted
LENR is "real". Since then, nothing has significantly changed with
funding for this important subject. Why is that?
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/04/17/60minutes/main4952167.shtml
NASA resent (2011) presentation on LENR that appears to verify the
validity of the technology and continued research on it.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=mxeKeuh_2Bw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ2M_SE67RM
Infinite Energy magazine, founded by Dr. Eugene Mallove, a champion
of LENR and other exotic energy technology research, before his unsolved
murder over 8 years ago. A good source of general info on LENR and other
emerging energy technologies, such as the Mills' Blacklight Power system
of "Hydrino" energy production, that uses plasma to create nuclear
reactions.
http://www.infinite-energy.com/index.html
New Energy Times, a site devoted to LENR. The site owner is highly
skeptical of Andrea Rossi's "Ecat" system using nickel-hydrogen (for
sound reasons in the author's opinion), but positive about LENR in
general. Many scientific papers can be found linked here.
http://www.newenergytimes.com/
LENR-CANL .ORG, a site dedicated to cold fusion research with
hundreds of Scientific Papers listed, and some good overview articles
for laymen.
http://www.lenr-canr.org/
The "Cold Fusion Now" site, also dedicated to LENR research and news.
http://coldfusionnow.wordpress.com/
Copyright © 2002-2012, OpEdNews
http://www.opednews.com
Cold Fusion is Here, It's Real, and its Time has Come.
By Steve Windisch 2-2012
Image from Energetics SuperWave [tm] public release video
Over the last several years, there have been many reports around the
world about important multiple successes with what is popularly known as
"Cold Fusion", or more properly what is now known as "Low-Energy Nuclear
Reactions" (LENR). The latest was from January 31, 2012 at M.I.T. in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. Professors Peter L. Hagelstein and Mitchell
Swartz gave a symposium and short class where a successful 2-day LANL /
LENR/ Cold Fusion experiment was done publicly that produced at least 10
times the energy out, than was used.
This event was especially significant, since it was some professors
and administration officials at M.I.T. who were leading the anti-cold
fusion attack wave in the early 1990's. Pro-CF proponents, such as the
late Dr. Eugene Mallove of Harvard and M.I.T. who wrote books and
articles on LENR before his murder in 2004, have theorized that the
vehement attacks, derision, and accusations publicly made about it then
were at least partially about M.I.T. and others trying to protect the
large amount of government funding they received for "hot fusion"
research; which would soon become utterly obsolete if cold fusion were a
reality. LENR research is dozens of times less expensive to perform than
hot fusion research, and much less ongoing funding is needed to maintain
a laboratory. No one knows for sure the real reasons CF was completely
discarded and discredited in the U.S. in the early 1990's; and certainly
many skeptics there and other places were genuine in their
condemnations, since many labs attempted "honest" replications and
failed to get any positive results (but others during that time did in
fact get good results). At any rate, events have proven that the early
Pons and Fleischmann experiments were indeed correct and worthy of much
greater study and investment, and the most prestigious scientific
institute of all, M.I.T., has now seen a successful public demonstration
and verification over 20 years later.
Besides the above, NASA and other agencies of the U.S. government
have expressed great interest in LENR. In late 2011, a presentation
about it was given at a major NASA meeting, verifying it is a valid and
highly important technology that will be pursued in the future. Dr.
Dennis Bushnell, highly respected Chief Scientist at NASA Langley, has
recently made several positive public statements about LENR and its
validity. And back in 2008, the CBS "Sixty Minutes" TV show did a
segment on it ("Cold Fusion is Hot Again"), where the
amazing statement that the U.S. Naval Research Lab had positively
verified significant excess energy production was first publicly made.
Unfortunately, since that Sixty Minutes program first aired, very little
has changed regarding LENR in the U.S.: University labs are still
routinely denied funding to study LENR (difficult to understand, until
one "follows the money" and sees that the majority of these funds for
university-level energy research now come as endowments and grants from
large corporations such as oil companies), and we hear very little about
it in the mainstream media.
Scientists generally don't like the "Cold Fusion" term. First, it
conjures up the media circus from 1989 / 1990 when the discovery was
first announced with great hoopla at a press conference by Dr.'s Stanley
Pons and Martin Fleischmann at the University of Utah... then
immediately later derided almost universally in the press as "bad
science" and "fraud". These claims by the U.S. mainstream media were
later proven themselves to be false and libelous by over a hundred
successful replications around the world - recorded over the last 22
years by reputable scientists at prestigious institutions who have
published over 200 Peer-Reviewed Scientific Papers on the subject,
proving that the effect does definitely exist and is highly significant.
Yet the damage was done in the U.S. public's mind, and the retractions
and apologies from the media and skeptics did not come. Dr. Fleischmann
has stated that the press conference that started the media circus, and
the use of the word "fusion", were tactical mistakes and mostly beyond
his control. However, events have shown he was not mistaken in his data
nor results.
The term "Cold Fusion" also goes against the tenets of Scientific
Method in that we don't know absolutely for sure if the reaction is
"fusion" in nature yet, although there is significant empirical evidence
for this including dozens of reports of production of Helium and
Hydrogen isotopes and low levels of gamma radiation detected during the
reaction (that are easily shielded against). So instead, scientists in
the field usually prefer the terms either "LANL" (Lattice
Assisted Nuclear Reaction), or "LENR" (Low Energy Nuclear
Reaction). One thing is sure, that if this reaction eventually turns out
to be "Chemical" in nature, then radically new theories explaining it
for that scientific discipline will be required as well, as they would
for Physics if the reaction is indeed "nuclear" in origin as most
believe.
And this, in essence, is one of the mains problems for its full
acceptance by the scientific mainstream: There are yet no widely
accepted Scientific Theories to explain the empirically collected data
of excess energy production that has been carefully recorded many times
using accepted means. Several well-done Theories exist and have been put
forward, but none have received any acclaim... and all have been
generally met with either silence or open hostility. It would seem on
the surface, that for decades LENR was a mostly "forbidden subject", not
much different than "Galileo's Telescope" in the eyes of the 15th
Century Church. In this case, the "Church" is the mainstream scientific
community, and the "Telescope"" that they have often strangely and
steadfastly refused to "look in to"" is a clean and safe energy
producing technology that would spell the end of 100 years of unbridled
fossil fuel use, greatly helping to free us from many social, economic,
geopolitical, and ecological problems that now plague our world.
Whatever the Name, It Works and is Important
LENR produces heat... generally used to create hot water or steam.
The steam coming from heat exchangers and water jackets can be used to
replace fission nuclear reactors that use highly dangerous radioactive
fuel. Or more importantly... dirty and poisonous coal, natural gas mined
using polluting "fracking" means, or fuel oil coming from the highly
toxic Alberta Tar Sands, drilled for using highly risky deep water
wells, or from unfriendly and unstable countries often embroiled in wars
our soldiers must fight and die in. All these are used to fire or
otherwise heat boilers feeding the steam turbines that in turn power
electrical generators. These are the polluting or inherently dangerous
methods presently used to generate up to 80% of all energy used on the
planet today for industry, homes, and increasingly... Electric Vehicles
(EV's). Even if LENR was used to simply "pre-heat" water that went into
a traditional coal-fired boiler, it could easily increase efficiency and
lower fossil fuel use at an existing power plant by up to 70%. Such an
interim "assisting" system could be installed with a minimum of time,
cost, and disruption to existing coal-fired installations (and even be
done without any service interruption); while all-new or heavily
modified plants would be built to benefit from zero fossil fuel or
fission nuclear use.
Several methods of LENR are being studied. The one that is most
known, and first done by Pons and Fleischmann, uses palladium electrodes
and deuterium (the "Heavy Water" atomic isotope of hydrogen naturally
found in sea water at a ratio of 1:6,000 to "regular" H). What more
recent studies have found, is that the atomic-level Lattice of the
palladium surface interacts, in some "yet to be determined" way, with
the deuterium to generate excess heat when electrical current and heat
from an outside source are applied as stimulants (the current also
performs electrolysis to disassociate the "heavy water" and provide the
freed deuterium gas). Improved results have occurred when the biasing
current is an oscillating waveform instead of flat "DC", and the
carefully pulsed waveform appears to "shake" the palladium lattice into
accepting more deuterium inside of it for increased reaction. Also, it
is often reported that increased energy production is seen when the
water bath has lithium salts dissolved in it (or other salts). A small
electric heating element is used to pre-heat the water. When successful
the reaction soon begins, the heating element is turn off, and much
higher levels of heat are produced, up to 25 times that of the energy
used to create and sustain the reaction.
Several scientists have noted that the palladium used for the
electrodes must be of a very high purity, and this is said by some
knowledgeable in the field to be behind the early failures of the
experiment in the early 1990's (most notably by M.I.T. in 1990), when
many universities attempted to replicate Pons and Fleishmann's
discovery. It seems there was only one main supplier for these
electrodes in U.S. scientific circles, and their quality and purity was
not always sufficient for the reaction to take place. How ironic and sad
would it be, if 20 years of denial and refusal to study this effect in
the U.S. were based on the use of poor-quality metals? Despite this
problem, many university and private labs, all outside of the United
States, have successfully replicated and verified the experiment (and
published Peer-Reviewed Papers on the results)" a fact that has still
not been properly reported on in the U.S. mainstream media.
Another LENR method that is presently claimed to be highly successful
(and that gained much interest in 2011), is that of using nickel
nano-powder and pressurized hydrogen. Also, an unnamed proprietary
"catalyst" is present, and the usual electrical current biasing waveform
and pre-heating are used to start the reaction. In January 2011, the
University of Bologna in Italy had a Public Demonstration of a claimed
working LENR system using the nickel powder and hydrogen method. The
main inventor was Andrea Rossi (an engineer and entrepreneur), and the
professors involved there at U. of Bologna were Dr.'s Giuseppe Levi and
Sergio Focardi. Two Swedish scientists also later supported the work:
Hanno Essén, professor of theoretical physics, and Dr. Sven Kullander,
chairman of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' Energy Committee .
The Rossi Energy Catalyzer ("ECat") system has been witnessed operating
and producing steam by many people (including, it is rumored, by U.S.
government representatives from NASA and DARPA); although there is a
great deal of skepticism and controversy surrounding it; mainly having
to do with Mr. Rossi's methods of measuring energy output, and his
insistence for keeping certain things secret (this secrecy is common
with "Patent Pending" inventions, but many believe this topic is too
important for Patents and should be "Open Sourced"). Also, another
Italian physics professor, Francesco Celani, had claimed excess heat
production using nickel-hydrogen as early as 1991 (many speculate that
Andrea Rossi was building on Celani's earlier work, but Rossi claims his
system is unique and differs significantly from any other work in the
field). Patents for Rossi's invention have been awarded in some
countries, but are reported to have been "denied" in the U.S.
The Rossi - Focardi system is claimed to produce traces of copper and
copper isotopes after months of operation... apparently caused by fusion
of the nickel powder with hydrogen. Other examples of transmutation of
elements have been reported using the deuterium-palladium method as
well: Specifically the creation of helium isotopes from hydrogen. And
like the deuterium-palladium method, small amounts of gamma radiation
have been reported during nickel-hydrogen operation. These are the main
reasons that "nuclear fusion", often claimed to be "impossible" at
near-room temperatures by many in the mainstream scientific circles, is
strongly suspected as being behind the reactions. The small amounts of
gamma radiation can be easily shielded against (for instance, a fission
nuclear reactor will have more than billion times more ionizing
radiation at any one point that remains deadly for decades and even
eons), and the gammas produced by LENR will only occur during operation:
Turn the reaction off, and there is no residual radiation. And this is
an important safety plus over fission nuclear: The danger with fission
is "turning it off" - harnessing the incredible power within the reactor
vessel that could melt down quickly when cooling fails (as we saw happen
four times at Fukushima when not only the primary cooling failed, but
all the back-ups did as well). With LENR, the challenge is to keep it
going.
In Japan, much research has been done and several well-respected
laboratories have shown excess energy production. Among these, are
Professor Yoshiaki Arata at the University of Osaka. Many speculate that
if the U.S continues to drag its heals concerning LENR, other nations
will get there first and gain the lion's share of acclaim and profit.
Several other scientists in Italy besides those mentioned have done much
work in the LENR field as well, it and Japan being the two nations who
invested the most into it at a university level during the "wilderness
years" of 1990 to 2008 when it was still wrongly discredited.
For the last 60 years, scientists have worked on "hot fusion"
techniques with virtually no success at all. Billions have been spent on
"tokamak" plasma reactors that generate huge temperatures and pressures
to mimic the heart of a star, in the hope of producing usable energy.
More recently, multiple giant laser arrays aimed at a single point
attempt to do the same. So far, none have done so with any sort of
energy efficiency. The difference with LENR is, that many times the
energy needed to sustain the reaction have been produced (the Energy
Efficiency is measured as "heat", compared to conventional means of
heating water using widely accepted techniques and formulas), making it
both ecologically highly attractive" and economically feasible. The
highest energy production reported so far, was by the "Energetics"
private laboratory in Israel, who claimed 25 times energy "out" verse
"in". The U.S. Navy Research lab has reported similar results, from a
very similar system to Energetics. These last two mentioned, were
featured in the "Sixty Minutes" program in 2008 . It was reported that
Andrea Rossi, inventor of the "Ecat", was involved in some fashion in
LENR research done for DARPA or another similar U.S. government agency
in the past. There have been de-classified U.S. government reports from
DARPA stating that LENR definitely and beyond doubt produces excess
heat... even calling it a "Disruptive Technology". Yet the U.S.
Department of Energy still apparently considers it "junk science" and
does not invest in it, nor mentions it.
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