Cold Fusion is Here, It's Real, and its Time has Come

 

LENR Is Here, But Is It Real, and Has Its Time Come?

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By Steve Windisch 2-2012

 

Image from Energetics SuperWave [tm] public release video 

 Over the last several years, there have been many reports around the world about important multiple successes with what is popularly known as "Cold Fusion", or more properly what is now known as "Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions" (LENR). The latest was from January 31, 2012 at M.I.T. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Professors Peter L. Hagelstein and Mitchell Swartz gave a symposium and short class where a successful 2-day LANL / LENR/ Cold Fusion experiment was done publicly that produced at least 10 times the energy out, than was used.  

This event was especially significant, since it was some professors and administration officials at M.I.T. who were leading the anti-cold fusion attack wave in the early 1990's. Pro-CF proponents, such as the late Dr. Eugene Mallove of Harvard and M.I.T. who wrote books and articles on LENR before his murder in 2004, have theorized that the vehement attacks, derision, and accusations publicly made about it then were at least partially about M.I.T. and others trying to protect the large amount of government funding they received for "hot fusion" research; which would soon become utterly obsolete if cold fusion were a reality. LENR research is dozens of times less expensive to perform than hot fusion research, and much less ongoing funding is needed to maintain a laboratory. No one knows for sure the real reasons CF was completely discarded and discredited in the U.S. in the early 1990's; and certainly many skeptics there and other places were genuine in their condemnations, since many labs attempted "honest" replications and failed to get any positive results (but others during that time did in fact get good results). At any rate, events have proven that the early Pons and Fleischmann experiments were indeed correct and worthy of much greater study and investment, and the most prestigious scientific institute of all, M.I.T., has now seen a successful public demonstration and verification over 20 years later.

Besides the above, NASA and other agencies of the U.S. government have expressed great interest in LENR. In late 2011, a presentation about it was given at a major NASA meeting, verifying it is a valid and highly important technology that will be pursued in the future. Dr. Dennis Bushnell, highly respected Chief Scientist at NASA Langley, has recently made several positive public statements about LENR and its validity. And back in 2008, the CBS "Sixty Minutes" TV show did a segment on it ("Cold Fusion is Hot Again"), where the amazing statement that the U.S. Naval Research Lab had positively verified significant excess energy production was first publicly made. Unfortunately, since that Sixty Minutes program first aired, very little has changed regarding LENR in the U.S.: University labs are still routinely denied funding to study LENR (difficult to understand, until one "follows the money" and sees that the majority of these funds for university-level energy research now come as endowments and grants from large corporations such as oil companies), and we hear very little about it in the mainstream media.

Scientists generally don't like the "Cold Fusion" term. First, it conjures up the media circus from 1989 / 1990 when the discovery was first announced with great hoopla at a press conference by Dr.'s Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann at the University of Utah... then immediately later derided almost universally in the press as "bad science" and "fraud". These claims by the U.S. mainstream media were later proven themselves to be false and libelous by over a hundred successful replications around the world - recorded over the last 22 years by reputable scientists at prestigious institutions who have published over 200 Peer-Reviewed Scientific Papers on the subject, proving that the effect does definitely exist and is highly significant. Yet the damage was done in the U.S. public's mind, and the retractions and apologies from the media and skeptics did not come. Dr. Fleischmann has stated that the press conference that started the media circus, and the use of the word "fusion", were tactical mistakes and mostly beyond his control. However, events have shown he was not mistaken in his data nor results.

The term "Cold Fusion" also goes against the tenets of Scientific Method in that we don't know absolutely for sure if the reaction is "fusion" in nature yet, although there is significant empirical evidence for this including dozens of reports of production of Helium and Hydrogen isotopes and low levels of gamma radiation detected during the reaction (that are easily shielded against). So instead, scientists in the field usually prefer the terms either "LANL" (Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reaction), or "LENR" (Low Energy Nuclear Reaction). One thing is sure, that if this reaction eventually turns out to be "Chemical" in nature, then radically new theories explaining it for that scientific discipline will be required as well, as they would for Physics if the reaction is indeed "nuclear" in origin as most believe.

And this, in essence, is one of the mains problems for its full acceptance by the scientific mainstream: There are yet no widely accepted Scientific Theories to explain the empirically collected data of excess energy production that has been carefully recorded many times using accepted means. Several well-done Theories exist and have been put forward, but none have received any acclaim... and all have been generally met with either silence or open hostility. It would seem on the surface, that for decades LENR was a mostly "forbidden subject", not much different than "Galileo's Telescope" in the eyes of the 15th Century Church. In this case, the "Church" is the mainstream scientific community, and the "Telescope"" that they have often strangely and steadfastly refused to "look in to"" is a clean and safe energy producing technology that would spell the end of 100 years of unbridled fossil fuel use, greatly helping to free us from many social, economic, geopolitical, and ecological problems that now plague our world.

Whatever the Name, It Works and is Important

LENR produces heat... generally used to create hot water or steam. The steam coming from heat exchangers and water jackets can be used to replace fission nuclear reactors that use highly dangerous radioactive fuel. Or more importantly... dirty and poisonous coal, natural gas mined using polluting "fracking" means, or fuel oil coming from the highly toxic Alberta Tar Sands, drilled for using highly risky deep water wells, or from unfriendly and unstable countries often embroiled in wars our soldiers must fight and die in. All these are used to fire or otherwise heat boilers feeding the steam turbines that in turn power electrical generators. These are the polluting or inherently dangerous methods presently used to generate up to 80% of all energy used on the planet today for industry, homes, and increasingly... Electric Vehicles (EV's). Even if LENR was used to simply "pre-heat" water that went into a traditional coal-fired boiler, it could easily increase efficiency and lower fossil fuel use at an existing power plant by up to 70%. Such an interim "assisting" system could be installed with a minimum of time, cost, and disruption to existing coal-fired installations (and even be done without any service interruption); while all-new or heavily modified plants would be built to benefit from zero fossil fuel or fission nuclear use.

Several methods of LENR are being studied. The one that is most known, and first done by Pons and Fleischmann, uses palladium electrodes and deuterium (the "Heavy Water" atomic isotope of hydrogen naturally found in sea water at a ratio of 1:6,000 to "regular" H). What more recent studies have found, is that the atomic-level Lattice of the palladium surface interacts, in some "yet to be determined" way, with the deuterium to generate excess heat when electrical current and heat from an outside source are applied as stimulants (the current also performs electrolysis to disassociate the "heavy water" and provide the freed deuterium gas). Improved results have occurred when the biasing current is an oscillating waveform instead of flat "DC", and the carefully pulsed waveform appears to "shake" the palladium lattice into accepting more deuterium inside of it for increased reaction. Also, it is often reported that increased energy production is seen when the water bath has lithium salts dissolved in it (or other salts). A small electric heating element is used to pre-heat the water. When successful the reaction soon begins, the heating element is turn off, and much higher levels of heat are produced, up to 25 times that of the energy used to create and sustain the reaction.

Several scientists have noted that the palladium used for the electrodes must be of a very high purity, and this is said by some knowledgeable in the field to be behind the early failures of the experiment in the early 1990's (most notably by M.I.T. in 1990), when many universities attempted to replicate Pons and Fleishmann's discovery. It seems there was only one main supplier for these electrodes in U.S. scientific circles, and their quality and purity was not always sufficient for the reaction to take place. How ironic and sad would it be, if 20 years of denial and refusal to study this effect in the U.S. were based on the use of poor-quality metals? Despite this problem, many university and private labs, all outside of the United States, have successfully replicated and verified the experiment (and published Peer-Reviewed Papers on the results)" a fact that has still not been properly reported on in the U.S. mainstream media.  

Another LENR method that is presently claimed to be highly successful (and that gained much interest in 2011), is that of using nickel nano-powder and pressurized hydrogen. Also, an unnamed proprietary "catalyst" is present, and the usual electrical current biasing waveform and pre-heating are used to start the reaction. In January 2011, the University of Bologna in Italy had a Public Demonstration of a claimed working LENR system using the nickel powder and hydrogen method. The main inventor was Andrea Rossi (an engineer and entrepreneur), and the professors involved there at U. of Bologna were Dr.'s Giuseppe Levi and Sergio Focardi. Two Swedish scientists also later supported the work: Hanno Essén, professor of theoretical physics, and Dr. Sven Kullander, chairman of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' Energy Committee . The Rossi Energy Catalyzer ("ECat") system has been witnessed operating and producing steam by many people (including, it is rumored, by U.S. government representatives from NASA and DARPA); although there is a great deal of skepticism and controversy surrounding it; mainly having to do with Mr. Rossi's methods of measuring energy output, and his insistence for keeping certain things secret (this secrecy is common with "Patent Pending" inventions, but many believe this topic is too important for Patents and should be "Open Sourced"). Also, another Italian physics professor, Francesco Celani, had claimed excess heat production using nickel-hydrogen as early as 1991 (many speculate that Andrea Rossi was building on Celani's earlier work, but Rossi claims his system is unique and differs significantly from any other work in the field). Patents for Rossi's invention have been awarded in some countries, but are reported to have been "denied" in the U.S.

The Rossi - Focardi system is claimed to produce traces of copper and copper isotopes after months of operation... apparently caused by fusion of the nickel powder with hydrogen. Other examples of transmutation of elements have been reported using the deuterium-palladium method as well: Specifically the creation of helium isotopes from hydrogen. And like the deuterium-palladium method, small amounts of gamma radiation have been reported during nickel-hydrogen operation. These are the main reasons that "nuclear fusion", often claimed to be "impossible" at near-room temperatures by many in the mainstream scientific circles, is strongly suspected as being behind the reactions. The small amounts of gamma radiation can be easily shielded against (for instance, a fission nuclear reactor will have more than billion times more ionizing radiation at any one point that remains deadly for decades and even eons), and the gammas produced by LENR will only occur during operation: Turn the reaction off, and there is no residual radiation. And this is an important safety plus over fission nuclear: The danger with fission is "turning it off" - harnessing the incredible power within the reactor vessel that could melt down quickly when cooling fails (as we saw happen four times at Fukushima when not only the primary cooling failed, but all the back-ups did as well). With LENR, the challenge is to keep it going.  

In Japan, much research has been done and several well-respected laboratories have shown excess energy production. Among these, are Professor Yoshiaki Arata at the University of Osaka. Many speculate that if the U.S continues to drag its heals concerning LENR, other nations will get there first and gain the lion's share of acclaim and profit. Several other scientists in Italy besides those mentioned have done much work in the LENR field as well, it and Japan being the two nations who invested the most into it at a university level during the "wilderness years" of 1990 to 2008 when it was still wrongly discredited.

For the last 60 years, scientists have worked on "hot fusion" techniques with virtually no success at all. Billions have been spent on "tokamak" plasma reactors that generate huge temperatures and pressures to mimic the heart of a star, in the hope of producing usable energy. More recently, multiple giant laser arrays aimed at a single point attempt to do the same. So far, none have done so with any sort of energy efficiency. The difference with LENR is, that many times the energy needed to sustain the reaction have been produced (the Energy Efficiency is measured as "heat", compared to conventional means of heating water using widely accepted techniques and formulas), making it both ecologically highly attractive" and economically feasible. The highest energy production reported so far, was by the "Energetics" private laboratory in Israel, who claimed 25 times energy "out" verse "in". The U.S. Navy Research lab has reported similar results, from a very similar system to Energetics. These last two mentioned, were featured in the "Sixty Minutes" program in 2008 . It was reported that Andrea Rossi, inventor of the "Ecat", was involved in some fashion in LENR research done for DARPA or another similar U.S. government agency in the past. There have been de-classified U.S. government reports from DARPA stating that LENR definitely and beyond doubt produces excess heat... even calling it a "Disruptive Technology". Yet the U.S. Department of Energy still apparently considers it "junk science" and does not invest in it, nor mentions it.

There is something inherently "wrong" about the skeptics' claims of "impossibility" of room temperature fusion. As far as Scientific Method goes, any such claims are not correct to begin with.   Many of the continued negative claims against LENR would appear, at least on the face of them, to be politically and economically motivated and not based on "Science". Either they are about "funding wars" and Byzantine inter-discipline "politics", or perhaps about Suppression to maintain the status quo regarding Energy. And it is important to note, that many in the field of Microbiology believe that a fusion or a fusion-like effect takes place within living cells (a Nobel Laureate in the field first theorized this back in the 1950's). But often, reluctance or irrational denial is simply based on the human desire not to be "wrong", and to resist a change of direction. All through History, scientific dogma has turned out to be "wrong" time after time, and was then changed to the new "truth" when the previous dogma was discredited (only to be proved wrong again later). It would seem to be arrogant to insist that "this time" we could not be wrong; when every time in the past we were. Every one of those "revisions" in Scientific Theory throughout History had a great deal of opposition to them as well. As is often famously mentioned, it took the U.S. mainstream scientific community over four years to accept the Wright Brothers' flight as "fact", and that heavier-than-air manned flight was "possible"... even after the reports of hundreds of credible eyewitnesses. Such is the present state of LENR: The plane is flying around the countryside visible to any who want to look; yet some in the mainstream scientific community are still claiming it is "impossible", and thus refusing to look.

Dr. Eugene Mallove liked to tell a story where he called up his old Physics Professor at Harvard and presented him the case for LENR. The Professor's reply was:

"I have had fifty years of experience in nuclear physics and I know what's possible and what's not!" I will not look at any more evidence! It's all junk!"

It is not "junk" sir, it is very real. And it is coming; despite the energy corporations university grants that require it be ignored and remain un-funded, despite Physics profs who have written books, papers, and lectures that would be discredited; and despite a lethargic or corrupted government more worried about pleasing some large contributors than about the health of the planet.

The Changes that Will Come Regarding "Energy"

It is hard to imagine all the things that cheap, safe, and clean energy production would mean to us all. First, there are the many social issues such as "poverty" and "hunger" that would greatly benefit from cheap and abundant energy. Food production, and specifically the use of water for agriculture / irrigation, are huge consumers of energy. Much of the price of food is related to this energy cost. Irrigation pumps use a great deal of electricity, and tractors and combines use huge amounts of fossil fuels (for instance, when the full and actual "energy equation" is done for corn-based "Ethanol", it is found that it often uses more energy to create than it provides). When energy is abundant and cheap, so is fresh water: It can be pumped cheaply thousands of kilometers, or come from seawater using desalination techniques. It can even be accumulated from the atmosphere using large-scale moisture collectors based on static charge. All the fears of "world water shortages" are based on the present energy paradigm of "scarcity" and cost. Change the equation, and suddenly hunger and lack of clean drinking water for billions of people are simply engineering problems... not unsolvable burdens and manufactured fears. Suddenly, things do not appear hopeless.

What would a world be like, where there is no scarcity of clean and safe energy? No huge corporate monopolies taking a significant portion of our incomes for record-breaking profits, like some draconian "tax" that politicians never complain about or even mention (and that affects the Working Poor and Small Business much more heavily than the wealthy or large corporations, who often can make behind-the-scenes deals to get their energy at a discount and thus tilt the playing field even more in their favor)? No more "winners and losers" in the energy access lottery regarding industry and manufacturing, where energy is one of the highest overhead factors? Where a village or town in Sub-Sahara Africa, or rural Brazil, or Indonesia... or in West Virginia... Could have the ability to cheaply manufacture quality goods for sale all over the world in a new economy based on true free market competition, and not the old restrictions caused by energy cost and other related factors like availability of water (and the cost of transportation is also heavily influenced by energy overhead). It is an interesting and pleasant thought: That this world could be completely transformed for the better, simply by first changing that now-negative energy equation. Cheap and abundant energy equals greater prosperity for all; except perhaps the present monopolies and trusts who control its flow and cost as they have for over 100 years.

Perhaps it is time to start thinking in these terms: That we really do not have to continue to live this way, and now M.I.T. has verified it. That we do not have to destroy the environment to maintain a modern society. We do not have to stand by helplessly and watch the suffering of billions who lack both prosperity and the ability to create it, because they have no access to energy. We do not have to blindly over-pay corporate or government monopolies forever, simply for the privilege of living a modern life that requires their premium-priced "Energy" for every single facet of our civilization and economy. We can change all this and more using cheap, clean, and safe energy technologies, and do so with a minimum of government interaction... if done smartly, probably for less money than they presently give fabulously wealthy oil and energy corporations in subsidies... and do so for literally thousands of times less than it will cost to survive in a harsh and poisoned environment destroyed by fossil fuel pollution and/or nuclear radiation: The hidden costs of fossil fuels and fission nuclear that grow exponentially every year we ignore them.

What LENR Can and Can't Do

LENR is simply about the production of hot water. This can be used to heat a home in winter instead of fuel oil or natural gas (as either a service water heater or "furnace"), or to create steam to run electrical generators at a centralized electricity plant. If the nickel-hydrogen system of LENR is eventually verified as valid, as many believe it is already, it will provide a highly abundant source for "fuel" (nickel being one of the most common metals on the planet, and the usage per kilowatt-hour is tiny at any rate, a "full tank" of it lasting many months in the reactor). Palladium is less common, yet there is more than enough of it to convert every power plant on Earth to LENR, because the energy densities of LENR are so high. Deuterium is free for the taking from seawater. Future advances will see many other applications and methods" LENR technology is still in the "Wright Flyer" stage, and will need time to become a "Transatlantic Jet Liner": What some detractors and skeptics appear to demand to see before they will ever be convinced. Yet their logic and version of "Scientific Method" they appear to worship is completely flawed: Until proper investment and study occurs, it will never reach an advanced state. Could they, just for a moment, consider that to try and possible fail... would be better than wasting another 20 years that cannot be gotten back? If they were held personally accountable for their refusals and gate-blocking in the light of History, would they reconsider their positions?

What LENR won't do very well in present form, is power a vehicle directly (probably not until more efficient and cheaper means of transferring heat directly into electricity or motion are found). However, it can help centrally generate the electricity that charges the batteries of EV's... making it one of the "perfect" power sources for them, along with decentralized Wind and Solar PV.

LENR would pollute the environment a tiny fraction of what fossil fuels presently do. The lithium salts used in some of the methods of reaction are not "environmentally friendly" by any account (and lithium is somewhat volatile, and probably responsible for some minor lab mishaps that have occurred in LENR experiments), nor are some of the metal treatments needed to manufacture electrodes. Also, the "heat pollution" to the environment would be significant: But in fact, this would be exactly the same level as present systems that use steam (so the "heat pollution" issue is a "neutral", and better cooling methods can certainly be devised to stop large amounts of heat entering the ambient). Yet there will probably be better mediums and methods to discover in this new field, and when the totality is examined, the plus factor to the ecology and human health is staggering (especially when one considers the Cancer rates in cities world-wide from Benzene, a poison present in Diesel fumes and coal ash). And few realize the enormous amount of fresh water that is now used to process and refine fossil fuels, millions of gallons a day that could be used for agriculture instead.

It is important to mention, that even when "oil" is no longer used as a fuel, that industry will still have 30% of their present business for other uses so it will not bankrupt them, only make them compete openly and honestly the same as other companies have to do. That is the real "American Way" as we learned it... not of supporting and protecting energy monopolies, illegal trusts, and corrupted and controlled commodities markets, especially when better means clearly exist. How ironic is it, that the yelling about "socialism!" always ignores the energy sector; where a socialistic-type system of subsidies, protected monopolies, and tightly controlled markets have been in place for nearly a century.

The one major industry that will be the new "buggy whip" when the use of fossil fuels are greatly diminished, would be "Coal Mining" (both strip-style "mountain top removal", and underground mines). Demand for coal would be a small fraction presently needed (steel mills perhaps being the last customer). Coal workers would need re-training in a new economy freed from energy scarcity: Perhaps manufacturing solar PV panels in new air-conditioned and safe factories, to be installed on homeowners' and small business' roofs. Nearly every U.S. manufacturing industry has seen very significant losses of good paying jobs in the last two decades, for reasons that were much less pressing and all about greed, profit, and "globalization"... not about the health and future of the planet, nor the health of the workers. No one ever seems to care or talk about those millions of unemployed factory workers; yet coal industry proponents always mention the jobs lost as the main reason to go on destroying pristine mountain vistas, or poisoning primal forests with acid rain (or condemning millions of children to suffering asthma). Jobs lost to corporate "free enterprise" get a shrug of: "Too bad, that's the global economy for you!"" While jobs lost in the fossil fuel energy sector because of new and better technologies are somehow always: "Too high a price to even consider!"

All jobs lost are a bad thing (and deeply damage the communities of the workers), and a serious national discussion on how to get them back and revitalize manufacturing is desperately needed. A national push for alternative energy will be a huge help; manufacturing and installing solar panels on millions of roofs would be a revitalizing giant boon for the economy of "Main Street", even if it doesn't please "Wall Street" speculators very much. Perhaps this "displeasure" is what is stopping it from happening in the U.S.?   

Another facet is, that a new plant using LENR could be built in less than one third the time it takes to build a new fission nuclear reactor plant; and could do so for approximately only one fifth the cost (and after the on-going Fukushima disaster, it is problematic whether this highly dangerous technology will be considered seriously ever again, as public opinion around the world is firmly against it, several nations such as Germany and Japan have decided to get rid of it altogether... as few believe the industry spokespersons' claims of "safety" any more). The U.S. fission nuclear industry relies 100% on government hand-outs in subsidies and guaranteed loans to even exist (over 30 billion dollars were approved alone for new fission nuclear plants in 2011's budget, never even being openly debated or mentioned in the media at a time when cuts to social services made the news every day, and while 4 fission nuclear plant melt-downs were occurring in Fukushima). This "free and easy money" is not only for building new plants, but even billions more every year going to the energy corporation operators for storing the dangerous spent fuel they themselves create; a huge and profitable "business" in itself. The public, paying their bloated electric bills, actually pay for the new fission nuclear plants to be built (when they clearly don't want them in the first place), while the energy corporations keep all the profits that the plants generate. Many of the fission nuclear plants built back in the 1970's and 1980's were financed via specific rate hikes to customers... that were "strangely" never lowered again, even after the plant had been paid off for decades.

An LENR-based reactor would cost little more to build than a conventional coal burning plant, require little or nothing in government aid (since the underwriting for Disaster Insurance and evacuation would be non-existent verses a fission nuclear plant, where the government foots the entire bill or such a dangerous thing could never be even be funded), and would take roughly the same time frame to become operational once an engineering design were approved. Even today, with no such design ready to go, an LENR based plant would still likely be operational before a fission nuclear plant that was already under construction was completed and ready to produce electricity (fission nuclear plants take at least 10 years to complete, longer if there are any hitches in the NRC Licensing).

But something LENR cannot do alone, is end the monopolies and corruption regarding energy. It is likely, as we see now with large-scale wind and solar installations, that the same corporations and entities that now burn fossil fuels to produce electricity, will be building LENR plants to use with "their" electrical grids. It is probably up to us, the People, to end their monopolies through installing our own solar PV panels when possible on our homes and small businesses (as the nation of Germany is successfully doing already)... and to insist our government act to help it all happen, instead of hindering it to protect their "client's" profits and monopolies in the energy sector. The more of us that install our own solar PV, the cheaper it becomes for us all to do via the "Economy of Scale", where prices drop to less than a third of when they were manufactured in much smaller quantities. Countries such as Germany, have proven conclusively that modest government incentives to citizens can pay-off big; convincing more and more folks to install their own solar panels and generate their own power, even selling power back to the grid during the day while they are at work. A large solar PV manufacturing and installing industry for millions of good jobs would also be created. So de-centralized solar PV and wind power will still be an important factor, even in a world embracing LENR for centralized energy production. LENR will cover the gaps that solar and wind cannot; such as powering large heavy industries who use gigantic amounts of current. For these large industrial users, centralized power production continues to make sense for most of their needs. Also, it is unlikely that solar or wind can ever be so prevalent that it can handle the large peak loads, such as hot summer days and nights in cities; when air conditioners are running constantly and the utilities often now have to use portable auxiliary Diesel generators to keep up with demand (by the way, these tractor-trailer Diesel generators are common in the industry, and it is strange that such a portable supply could not have been quickly used in Fukushima as a tertiary back up to run the cooling pumps, a prime example of failed safety concerns due to "cost" and "profit" by the energy corporation operators regarding fission nuclear, who clearly should not have such huge responsibility over the planet and people's health). The ability to generate enough solar or wind to power large cities "24/7", where many folks don't own their own homes and live in high-density areas, would be very difficult to achieve. LENR fills that gap cleanly, safely, and cheaply.

But something LENR cannot do alone, is end the monopolies and corruption regarding energy. It is likely, as we see now with large-scale wind and solar installations, that the same corporations and entities that now burn fossil fuels to produce electricity, will be building LENR plants to use with "their" electrical grids. It is probably up to us, the People, to end their monopolies through installing our own solar PV panels when possible on our homes and small businesses (as the nation of Germany is successfully doing already)... and to insist our government act to help it all happen, instead of hindering it to protect their "client's" profits and monopolies in the energy sector. The more of us that install our own solar PV, the cheaper it becomes for us all to do via the "Economy of Scale", where prices drop to less than a third of when they were manufactured in much smaller quantities. Countries such as Germany, have proven conclusively that modest government incentives to citizens can pay-off big; convincing more and more folks to install their own solar panels and generate their own power, even selling power back to the grid during the day while they are at work. A large solar PV manufacturing and installing industry for millions of good jobs would also be created. So de-centralized solar PV and wind power will still be an important factor, even in a world embracing LENR for centralized energy production. LENR will cover the gaps that solar and wind cannot; such as powering large heavy industries who use gigantic amounts of current. For these large industrial users, centralized power production continues to make sense for most of their needs. Also, it is unlikely that solar or wind can ever be so prevalent that it can handle the large peak loads, such as hot summer days and nights in cities; when air conditioners are running constantly and the utilities often now have to use portable auxiliary Diesel generators to keep up with demand (by the way, these tractor-trailer Diesel generators are common in the industry, and it is strange that such a portable supply could not have been quickly used in Fukushima as a tertiary back up to run the cooling pumps, a prime example of failed safety concerns due to "cost" and "profit" by the energy corporation operators regarding fission nuclear, who clearly should not have such huge responsibility over the planet and people's health). The ability to generate enough solar or wind to power large cities "24/7", where many folks don't own their own homes and live in high-density areas, would be very difficult to achieve. LENR fills that gap cleanly, safely, and cheaply.

As U.S. President Obama recently stated in his 2012 "State of The Union" Address" we need to pursue "All the Above" in alternative energy. Many applauded this. However, we can surely forget about polluting methods such as the humorous and absurd public relations creation of "clean coal" when truly clean, cheap, and safe alternatives exist... even if it means a loss of easy monopoly profit for some who have "had it made in the shade" for the last century. In the early 1900's, no one really cared that the "horse and buggy" industry was greatly curtailed by the advent and huge popularity of the automobile, and they received no government largess or corporate welfare... and they did not have the most powerful political lobby ever seen (perhaps if they did, we would still be riding horses to work). People were glad to see the piles of dung gone from the roads. It is time to end the pollution, the corruption, and the hand-outs to the fossil fuel energy giants... the most profitable, and politically "powerful" entities in history... and to create a world where the energy equation is Positive for us all, not negative for all but a few.

We cannot let either corporate influence/corruption, or the lack of interest of the mainstream scientific community stop LENR research and development from happening as soon as possible. We should work out the academic Theories later, let the theoretical Physicists and Chemists fight it out in the ring while the Engineers move ahead... and stop ignoring the empirical proofs. We need serious funding for more research, for actual engineering work to see these things realized. Not "ten years from now" (the same old broken political promises we have heard for over 40 years regarding any form of Alternative Energy that happens to threaten entrenched monopolies): But now, this year, since we know the truth and it can no longer be denied: M.I.T., NASA, DARPA, and a hundred laboratories around the planet have shown us this Truth.   

It is time to look into the "Telescope"... even if it means changing some text books and college curriculum notes, and breaking some highly profitable monopolies. The cost of not doing so when we realize a superior alternative exists and is ready to go, is too terrible to contemplate.

The time for denial has ended; the plausible excuses are gone. The time for action is here.

Links of Interest on LENR

M.I.T. symposium publicly demonstrates deuterium-palladium lattice based LANL / LENR with "x10 Energy Gain" on Jan 31, 2012 , performed by JET Energy (apparently a spin out from MIT) with Professors Hagelstein and Swartz presiding.

http://world.std.com/~mica/cft.html 

Info on Dr. Peter L. Hagelstein of M.I.T. who co-hosted the above

http://www.rle.mit.edu/rleonline/People/PeterL.Hagelstein.html 

Rossi "Ecat" method of Nickel-Hydrogen LENR first public demonstration at University of Bologna January 2011 (there were 2 more subsequent public demonstrations, all claimed successful).

http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-01-italian-scientists-cold-fusion-video.html

The CBS "Sixty Minutes" program segment "Cold Fusion Is Hot Again", first aired in 2009 , when the U.S. government first publicly admitted LENR is "real". Since then, nothing has significantly changed with funding for this important subject. Why is that?

http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/04/17/60minutes/main4952167.shtml

NASA resent (2011) presentation on LENR that appears to verify the validity of the technology and continued research on it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=mxeKeuh_2Bw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ2M_SE67RM

Infinite Energy magazine, founded by Dr. Eugene Mallove, a champion of LENR and other exotic energy technology research, before his unsolved murder over 8 years ago. A good source of general info on LENR and other emerging energy technologies, such as the Mills' Blacklight Power system of "Hydrino" energy production, that uses plasma to create nuclear reactions.

http://www.infinite-energy.com/index.html

New Energy Times, a site devoted to LENR. The site owner is highly skeptical of Andrea Rossi's "Ecat" system using nickel-hydrogen (for sound reasons in the author's opinion), but positive about LENR in general. Many scientific papers can be found linked here.

http://www.newenergytimes.com/

LENR-CANL .ORG, a site dedicated to cold fusion research with hundreds of Scientific Papers listed, and some good overview articles for laymen.

http://www.lenr-canr.org/

The "Cold Fusion Now" site, also dedicated to LENR research and news.

http://coldfusionnow.wordpress.com/

 

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Cold Fusion is Here, It's Real, and its Time has Come.

By Steve Windisch 2-2012


Image from Energetics SuperWave [tm] public release video 

 Over the last several years, there have been many reports around the world about important multiple successes with what is popularly known as "Cold Fusion", or more properly what is now known as "Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions" (LENR). The latest was from January 31, 2012 at M.I.T. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Professors Peter L. Hagelstein and Mitchell Swartz gave a symposium and short class where a successful 2-day LANL / LENR/ Cold Fusion experiment was done publicly that produced at least 10 times the energy out, than was used.  

This event was especially significant, since it was some professors and administration officials at M.I.T. who were leading the anti-cold fusion attack wave in the early 1990's. Pro-CF proponents, such as the late Dr. Eugene Mallove of Harvard and M.I.T. who wrote books and articles on LENR before his murder in 2004, have theorized that the vehement attacks, derision, and accusations publicly made about it then were at least partially about M.I.T. and others trying to protect the large amount of government funding they received for "hot fusion" research; which would soon become utterly obsolete if cold fusion were a reality. LENR research is dozens of times less expensive to perform than hot fusion research, and much less ongoing funding is needed to maintain a laboratory. No one knows for sure the real reasons CF was completely discarded and discredited in the U.S. in the early 1990's; and certainly many skeptics there and other places were genuine in their condemnations, since many labs attempted "honest" replications and failed to get any positive results (but others during that time did in fact get good results). At any rate, events have proven that the early Pons and Fleischmann experiments were indeed correct and worthy of much greater study and investment, and the most prestigious scientific institute of all, M.I.T., has now seen a successful public demonstration and verification over 20 years later.

Besides the above, NASA and other agencies of the U.S. government have expressed great interest in LENR. In late 2011, a presentation about it was given at a major NASA meeting, verifying it is a valid and highly important technology that will be pursued in the future. Dr. Dennis Bushnell, highly respected Chief Scientist at NASA Langley, has recently made several positive public statements about LENR and its validity. And back in 2008, the CBS "Sixty Minutes" TV show did a segment on it ("Cold Fusion is Hot Again"), where the amazing statement that the U.S. Naval Research Lab had positively verified significant excess energy production was first publicly made. Unfortunately, since that Sixty Minutes program first aired, very little has changed regarding LENR in the U.S.: University labs are still routinely denied funding to study LENR (difficult to understand, until one "follows the money" and sees that the majority of these funds for university-level energy research now come as endowments and grants from large corporations such as oil companies), and we hear very little about it in the mainstream media.

Scientists generally don't like the "Cold Fusion" term. First, it conjures up the media circus from 1989 / 1990 when the discovery was first announced with great hoopla at a press conference by Dr.'s Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann at the University of Utah... then immediately later derided almost universally in the press as "bad science" and "fraud". These claims by the U.S. mainstream media were later proven themselves to be false and libelous by over a hundred successful replications around the world - recorded over the last 22 years by reputable scientists at prestigious institutions who have published over 200 Peer-Reviewed Scientific Papers on the subject, proving that the effect does definitely exist and is highly significant. Yet the damage was done in the U.S. public's mind, and the retractions and apologies from the media and skeptics did not come. Dr. Fleischmann has stated that the press conference that started the media circus, and the use of the word "fusion", were tactical mistakes and mostly beyond his control. However, events have shown he was not mistaken in his data nor results.

The term "Cold Fusion" also goes against the tenets of Scientific Method in that we don't know absolutely for sure if the reaction is "fusion" in nature yet, although there is significant empirical evidence for this including dozens of reports of production of Helium and Hydrogen isotopes and low levels of gamma radiation detected during the reaction (that are easily shielded against). So instead, scientists in the field usually prefer the terms either "LANL" (Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reaction), or "LENR" (Low Energy Nuclear Reaction). One thing is sure, that if this reaction eventually turns out to be "Chemical" in nature, then radically new theories explaining it for that scientific discipline will be required as well, as they would for Physics if the reaction is indeed "nuclear" in origin as most believe.

And this, in essence, is one of the mains problems for its full acceptance by the scientific mainstream: There are yet no widely accepted Scientific Theories to explain the empirically collected data of excess energy production that has been carefully recorded many times using accepted means. Several well-done Theories exist and have been put forward, but none have received any acclaim... and all have been generally met with either silence or open hostility. It would seem on the surface, that for decades LENR was a mostly "forbidden subject", not much different than "Galileo's Telescope" in the eyes of the 15th Century Church. In this case, the "Church" is the mainstream scientific community, and the "Telescope"" that they have often strangely and steadfastly refused to "look in to"" is a clean and safe energy producing technology that would spell the end of 100 years of unbridled fossil fuel use, greatly helping to free us from many social, economic, geopolitical, and ecological problems that now plague our world.

Whatever the Name, It Works and is Important

LENR produces heat... generally used to create hot water or steam. The steam coming from heat exchangers and water jackets can be used to replace fission nuclear reactors that use highly dangerous radioactive fuel. Or more importantly... dirty and poisonous coal, natural gas mined using polluting "fracking" means, or fuel oil coming from the highly toxic Alberta Tar Sands, drilled for using highly risky deep water wells, or from unfriendly and unstable countries often embroiled in wars our soldiers must fight and die in. All these are used to fire or otherwise heat boilers feeding the steam turbines that in turn power electrical generators. These are the polluting or inherently dangerous methods presently used to generate up to 80% of all energy used on the planet today for industry, homes, and increasingly... Electric Vehicles (EV's). Even if LENR was used to simply "pre-heat" water that went into a traditional coal-fired boiler, it could easily increase efficiency and lower fossil fuel use at an existing power plant by up to 70%. Such an interim "assisting" system could be installed with a minimum of time, cost, and disruption to existing coal-fired installations (and even be done without any service interruption); while all-new or heavily modified plants would be built to benefit from zero fossil fuel or fission nuclear use.

Several methods of LENR are being studied. The one that is most known, and first done by Pons and Fleischmann, uses palladium electrodes and deuterium (the "Heavy Water" atomic isotope of hydrogen naturally found in sea water at a ratio of 1:6,000 to "regular" H). What more recent studies have found, is that the atomic-level Lattice of the palladium surface interacts, in some "yet to be determined" way, with the deuterium to generate excess heat when electrical current and heat from an outside source are applied as stimulants (the current also performs electrolysis to disassociate the "heavy water" and provide the freed deuterium gas). Improved results have occurred when the biasing current is an oscillating waveform instead of flat "DC", and the carefully pulsed waveform appears to "shake" the palladium lattice into accepting more deuterium inside of it for increased reaction. Also, it is often reported that increased energy production is seen when the water bath has lithium salts dissolved in it (or other salts). A small electric heating element is used to pre-heat the water. When successful the reaction soon begins, the heating element is turn off, and much higher levels of heat are produced, up to 25 times that of the energy used to create and sustain the reaction.

Several scientists have noted that the palladium used for the electrodes must be of a very high purity, and this is said by some knowledgeable in the field to be behind the early failures of the experiment in the early 1990's (most notably by M.I.T. in 1990), when many universities attempted to replicate Pons and Fleishmann's discovery. It seems there was only one main supplier for these electrodes in U.S. scientific circles, and their quality and purity was not always sufficient for the reaction to take place. How ironic and sad would it be, if 20 years of denial and refusal to study this effect in the U.S. were based on the use of poor-quality metals? Despite this problem, many university and private labs, all outside of the United States, have successfully replicated and verified the experiment (and published Peer-Reviewed Papers on the results)" a fact that has still not been properly reported on in the U.S. mainstream media.  

Another LENR method that is presently claimed to be highly successful (and that gained much interest in 2011), is that of using nickel nano-powder and pressurized hydrogen. Also, an unnamed proprietary "catalyst" is present, and the usual electrical current biasing waveform and pre-heating are used to start the reaction. In January 2011, the University of Bologna in Italy had a Public Demonstration of a claimed working LENR system using the nickel powder and hydrogen method. The main inventor was Andrea Rossi (an engineer and entrepreneur), and the professors involved there at U. of Bologna were Dr.'s Giuseppe Levi and Sergio Focardi. Two Swedish scientists also later supported the work: Hanno Essén, professor of theoretical physics, and Dr. Sven Kullander, chairman of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' Energy Committee . The Rossi Energy Catalyzer ("ECat") system has been witnessed operating and producing steam by many people (including, it is rumored, by U.S. government representatives from NASA and DARPA); although there is a great deal of skepticism and controversy surrounding it; mainly having to do with Mr. Rossi's methods of measuring energy output, and his insistence for keeping certain things secret (this secrecy is common with "Patent Pending" inventions, but many believe this topic is too important for Patents and should be "Open Sourced"). Also, another Italian physics professor, Francesco Celani, had claimed excess heat production using nickel-hydrogen as early as 1991 (many speculate that Andrea Rossi was building on Celani's earlier work, but Rossi claims his system is unique and differs significantly from any other work in the field). Patents for Rossi's invention have been awarded in some countries, but are reported to have been "denied" in the U.S.

The Rossi - Focardi system is claimed to produce traces of copper and copper isotopes after months of operation... apparently caused by fusion of the nickel powder with hydrogen. Other examples of transmutation of elements have been reported using the deuterium-palladium method as well: Specifically the creation of helium isotopes from hydrogen. And like the deuterium-palladium method, small amounts of gamma radiation have been reported during nickel-hydrogen operation. These are the main reasons that "nuclear fusion", often claimed to be "impossible" at near-room temperatures by many in the mainstream scientific circles, is strongly suspected as being behind the reactions. The small amounts of gamma radiation can be easily shielded against (for instance, a fission nuclear reactor will have more than billion times more ionizing radiation at any one point that remains deadly for decades and even eons), and the gammas produced by LENR will only occur during operation: Turn the reaction off, and there is no residual radiation. And this is an important safety plus over fission nuclear: The danger with fission is "turning it off" - harnessing the incredible power within the reactor vessel that could melt down quickly when cooling fails (as we saw happen four times at Fukushima when not only the primary cooling failed, but all the back-ups did as well). With LENR, the challenge is to keep it going.  

In Japan, much research has been done and several well-respected laboratories have shown excess energy production. Among these, are Professor Yoshiaki Arata at the University of Osaka. Many speculate that if the U.S continues to drag its heals concerning LENR, other nations will get there first and gain the lion's share of acclaim and profit. Several other scientists in Italy besides those mentioned have done much work in the LENR field as well, it and Japan being the two nations who invested the most into it at a university level during the "wilderness years" of 1990 to 2008 when it was still wrongly discredited.

For the last 60 years, scientists have worked on "hot fusion" techniques with virtually no success at all. Billions have been spent on "tokamak" plasma reactors that generate huge temperatures and pressures to mimic the heart of a star, in the hope of producing usable energy. More recently, multiple giant laser arrays aimed at a single point attempt to do the same. So far, none have done so with any sort of energy efficiency. The difference with LENR is, that many times the energy needed to sustain the reaction have been produced (the Energy Efficiency is measured as "heat", compared to conventional means of heating water using widely accepted techniques and formulas), making it both ecologically highly attractive" and economically feasible. The highest energy production reported so far, was by the "Energetics" private laboratory in Israel, who claimed 25 times energy "out" verse "in". The U.S. Navy Research lab has reported similar results, from a very similar system to Energetics. These last two mentioned, were featured in the "Sixty Minutes" program in 2008 . It was reported that Andrea Rossi, inventor of the "Ecat", was involved in some fashion in LENR research done for DARPA or another similar U.S. government agency in the past. There have been de-classified U.S. government reports from DARPA stating that LENR definitely and beyond doubt produces excess heat... even calling it a "Disruptive Technology". Yet the U.S. Department of Energy still apparently considers it "junk science" and does not invest in it, nor mentions it.