CAIRO -- Egypt will hold its first presidential elections since Hosni
Mubarak's 2011 ouster in May, a month earlier than previously scheduled, as
part of an accelerated transition to civilian rule demanded by revolutionary
political factions, state news media and officials said Wednesday.
The announcement came amid renewed worker strikes, marches in protest of
a deadly soccer riot, a new civil disobedience campaign and pressure from
powerful Islamist factions calling on the Supreme Council of the Armed
Forces to cede authority immediately. The council previously had said it
would transfer power after presidential elections in June.
Egypt's main state-backed newspaper quoted Mohammed Attiya, the minister
of parliamentary affairs and local development, as saying that the
presidential polls would take place at the end of May. That timing would
give hopefuls three weeks to declare their candidacies and allow 45 days for
official campaigning.
It's unclear, however, whether political leaders will agree to the plan.
The new schedule would place the presidential vote ahead of a planned
referendum on a new constitution, which by transitional law should take
place before a president is elected. The 100-member drafting committee has
yet to be formed, however.
Neither the report nor two officials who confirmed the plan offered
details or mentioned the constitutional wrinkle.
The Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamist group that swept parliamentary
elections, supports any effort by the generals that would hasten civilian
rule, a senior spokesman said, but only if the constitutional referendum
takes place first, as outlined in transitional guidelines. The group has yet
to endorse a presidential candidate.
"The ruling military never takes a step forward unless they're put under
pressure," said Mahmoud Ghozlan, a senior Brotherhood spokesman and a member
of the group's governing committee. "We want them to hand over power as soon
as possible, but without violating the constitutional declaration. ... The
presidential post is too vital."
The front-runner candidates - including former Arab League chief Amr
Moussa, former Muslim Brotherhood luminary Abdel Moneim Abdel Futouh and
former Prime Minister Ahmad Shafiq - already have announced their bids and
are meeting with voters on unofficial campaign tours.
Egypt's next president will be limited to two consecutive four-year
terms, according to rules approved in a referendum last year.
Egyptians yearn for new leadership after a bloody period since the ouster
of Mubarak a year ago after 18 days of demonstrations. With police still
largely absent from the streets, newspapers and everyday conversation are
rife with stories of skyrocketing serious crimes such as bank robberies and
kidnappings.
Lax security at a soccer stadium was blamed for the deaths of more than
70 people - most young men - in rioting after a match between rival teams
earlier this month. Sporadic clashes between security forces and
demonstrators have left more than 100 people dead in the past year; dozens
have been maimed or blinded.
The Muslim Brotherhood has joined non-Islamist revolutionary factions in
demanding the dismissal of the military's appointed Cabinet, saying the
caretaker government has failed to address security problems and the tanking
economy.
Given the bloodshed and backsliding on promised reforms, Ghozlan said,
it's time for the military to turn over governance to parties that were
elected to Parliament. The Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party
won nearly 50 percent of the seats in the lower house of the legislature and
is poised to repeat the win in the upper-house vote, according to partial
results.
"We are ready to form a government tomorrow if the Cabinet resigns,"
Ghozlan said.
Brotherhood leaders met earlier this week with the head of the military
council, Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, and parliamentary speaker
Saad el Katatni, a Brotherhood stalwart. News reports said the discussions
focused on the Islamists' disappointments with the transition's progress and
the general frustration that has prompted strikes and factory closures.
"We'll hold a meeting (Thursday) to discuss which presidential candidate,
if any, we endorse, and the situation now after we've seen how weak the
Parliament is before the military council," said Abdel Rahman Samir of the
Revolutionary Youth Coalition, an umbrella group for youth-based factions of
the uprising.
Hassan Nafaa, a political science professor at Cairo University, said
moving up the presidential election was an effort by the beleaguered
generals to find a quick way to appease a restive public while at the same
time perhaps cooling protest campaigns, which many Egyptians are wary of
supporting.
"People don't trust the military council anymore, but they also don't
want to be part of radical calls that might negate any progress that
could've been made," Nafaa said.
(Al Desoukie is a McClatchy Newspapers special correspondent.)