Deepwater Horizon oil spill may have played role in dolphin deaths
Jeremy Hance
mongabay.com
July 22, 2012
Researcher with dead dolphin calf. Photo courtesy of the University of
Central Florida.
In the first four months of 2011, 186 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) were found dead in the Gulf of Mexico, nearly half of them
dolphin calves many of whom were perinatal, or near birth. Researchers
now believe a number of factors may have killed the animals. Writing in
the open-access journal PLoS ONE, scientists theorize that the dolphins
died a sudden influx of freshwater from snowmelt after being stressed
and weakened by an abnormally cold winter and the impacts of the BP oil
spill.
According to researchers, oil leaking from the BP-leased Deepwater
Horizon could have decimated the dolphin's prey base, leaving a larger
than usual number of dolphins suffering from malnutrition.
"Declines in planktivorous fishes over the shelf in summer and fall 2010
and evidence of genetic and physiological impairment of nearshore fishes
support the hypothesis that bottlenose dolphins' forage base may have
been reduced," the scientists write.
An harsh winter along the Gulf likely worsened matters. Then came high
volumes of freshwater snowmelt into the Gulf of Mexico, which was the
last straw for many dolphins and their calves, according to the paper.
"Unfortunately it was a 'perfect storm' that led to the dolphin deaths,"
explains co-author Graham Worthy in a press release. "The oil spill and
cold winter of 2010 had already put significant stress on their food
resources, resulting in poor body condition and depressed immune
response. It appears the high volumes of cold freshwater coming from
snowmelt water that pushed through Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound in
2011 was the final blow."
However, the study argues that the dolphins would likely have survived
the freshwater snow melt influx, if they weren't already stressed and in
poor condition. The question remains: just how responsible was the oil
spill for the dolphins' deteriorated health?
Bottlenose dolphins are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List
with a global population of over 600,000.
CITATION: Carmichael RH, Graham WM, Aven A, Worthy G, Howden S (2012)
Were Multiple Stressors a ‘Perfect Storm’ for Northern Gulf of Mexico
Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in 2011? PLoS ONE 7(7): e41155.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041155.
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