Tuesday, 17 Sep 2013

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed a connection between the routine use of antibiotics in livestock and a growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics that kills at least 23,000 people a year.

The new report warns that antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to public health and undermines our ability to treat infectious diseases in general and infections acquired at healthcare facilities in particular. It notes that the overuse of antibiotics is the "single most important factor leading to antibiotic resistance around the world," and that part of the problem is the routine use of antibiotics in livestock.

 

Growing antibiotic resistance requires a multi-prong response, the report says. Doctors should be more thoughtful in their use of antibiotics, the routine use of antibiotics in healthy livestock should be dramatically reduced, and hospitals should take more steps to protect patients from dangerous superbugs, according to Consumer's Union, a division of Consumer Reports.  

 

"The widespread use and abuse of antibiotics is making these critical medications less effective for treating infectious diseases," said John Santa, M.D., M.P.H., medical director of Consumer Reports Health. "Failing to curb the unnecessary use of antibiotics will result in catastrophic consequences for public health."

 

The CDC report notes that up to half of all antibiotics prescribed by doctors each year are either given unnecessarily or used improperly.  Consumer Reports' Choosing Wisely campaign, a joint effort with the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation, is working to reduce waste and harm in medical care, including the overuse of antibiotics.  As part of that effort, multiple medical groups, including the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American Academy of Pediatrics, have identified common conditions for which antibiotics are overused.  Those include problems such as mild sinusitis, the common cold, and eye and ear infections. 

 

Some 80 percent of all antibiotics sold in the U.S. are used not on humans but on animals -- mostly livestock that aren't sick.  Consumers Union believes that to preserve antibiotics for treatment of disease in people, they should only be used on animals that are sick.  Consumers Union has long urged the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Congress to prohibit antibiotic use except for treatment of sick animals.    

 

In addition, Consumers Union has called on major supermarkets to address this public health crisis by ending the sale in their stores of any meat or poultry that comes from animals routinely fed antibiotics for growth promotion or disease prevention--and is asking Trader Joe's to lead the way.  

 

"We shouldn't waste antibiotics to make animals grow faster or to prevent disease," said Jean Halloran, director of Food Policy Initiatives for Consumers Union.  "Humans don't take antibiotics to prevent disease and neither should healthy farm animals."  

 

The CDC's report estimates that 23,000 Americans die annually as a direct result of antibiotic resistant infections and most of those are due to health care-acquired infections. 

 

Many more die from conditions that were complicated by such infections.  In addition, 250,000 are hospitalized with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infections and 14,000 patients die from them.  According to the CDC, the use of antibiotics is a major contributing factor in these C. difficile infections.

 

"Most deaths from antibiotic resistant infections are from infections picked up by patients while they are being treated in the hospital or other health care settings," said Lisa McGiffert, director of Consumers Union's Safe Patient Project (www.safepatientproject.org).  "The majority of these infections could be prevented if hospitals did a better job consistently following protocols proven to protect patients from these deadly risks."

 

Consumers Union's Safe Patient Project has been instrumental in getting states to pass hospital infection reporting laws that eventually influenced a national program reporting infections from most U.S. hospitals. These reports have been key to stimulating prevention programs and provide the tools for assessing whether progress is being made. 

 

Studies show that simple prevention steps when care is provided in the health care system can significantly reduce infection, including strict hand washing, careful preparation of surgical sites, sterile insertion of central lines, bladder catheters and other devices, as well as only using them when needed and prompt removal when they are not.