Getting your home ready to charge an electric car will
require little time or money — or a couple months and thousands
of dollars.
It depends on what kind of electric car you buy, the wiring
in your home and how quickly you want to juice your ride.
Electric cars are powered by batteries that are charged by
plugging them into a standard wall socket or a more powerful
charging station. The charging station will cut your charging
time roughly in half, and reduce the chance you'll trip a
circuit in your home. But it will likely cost $2,000 or more,
including installation. The price will rise if you need a new
electrical panel, which could add another $2,000.
The main thing to consider is how you are going to use your
electric car.
If your commute is short, or there's a charging station near
your office, you might not need much of a charge at home. You
can get away with topping off your battery overnight.
A standard 120-volt wall socket will give a car about five
miles of driving for every hour of charging. That means if you
had a 40-mile round-trip commute you'd be able to charge in
eight hours.
If you deplete your battery all the way most days, a charging
station that is connected to a 240-volt socket, like ones used
for most electric dryers, could be worthwhile.
The $41,000 Chevrolet Volt and the $33,000 Nissan Leaf are
set to go on sale next month. Buyers qualify for a federal tax
credit of $7,500 and additional state and local subsidies in
some states.
The two cars have different batteries, and different charging
requirements:
• The Volt has a relatively small battery because it also has
a gasoline-powered generator that powers the car when the
battery runs out. Chevy expects the car to be able to go 25 to
50 miles on electricity and then an extra 300 miles or so with
the help of the gas motor. A standard socket will fully charge
the Volt in about eight hours. A charger will do it in four.
Chevy recommends drivers first try to get by without a charger.
• The Leaf is powered entirely by electricity, and therefore
has a much bigger battery. Nissan says the Leaf can go about 100
miles on a full charge. It will take 20 hours to do this with a
standard outlet, and eight hours with a charger. Nissan strongly
recommends a charger.
Installing a home charging station could take anywhere from a
few days to a couple of months. It depends on the time it takes
to get a local work permit and to have the charging station
inspected after installation. The installation itself should
only take a few hours.
Whether you go for a charging station or not, carmakers and
utilities want your home checked out to make sure the wiring in
your house and in your neighborhood can handle the extra load.
Plugging into a regular socket that serves other appliances will
almost certainly trip your circuit breaker. The extra
electricity demand from a home charger can overwhelm small
neighborhood transformers and kill power to a whole block.
The 2,500 kilowatt hours used by electric car charger would
add about 20 percent to a home's average consumption of 11,000
kilowatt hours.
Utilities and carmakers may have a tough time getting the
first wave of buyers to heed their advice. These early adopters
are used to wrestling with new technology, and they like to do
things their own way.
Scott Little, 62, an experimental physicist from Austin,
Texas, has reserved a Nissan Leaf, but he's not going to install
the charger because of what he calls its "ridiculous" price.
"The idea of paying $2,000 for what amounts to a dryer plug
irritates a guy like me," he says. Instead, he's going to use
his wall socket for a while, and eventually install chargers
himself at his home and his farm, 40 miles away.
Associated Press
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