By Dr. Mercola
Do you have childhood memories of playing outside during the
summer and taking cool drinks of water from the garden hose?
Many people do, and most parents probably think nothing of it,
but it's vitally important that you avoid drinking out of the
hose.
In fact, if you look closely, you'll see a warning label on
most garden hoses warning you against just that. The reason?
Being that garden hoses are not intended for drinking water,
there are no regulations about what kinds of chemicals can be in
them.
And as you might suspect, most garden hoses are far from
natural. Instead, they're primarily composed of toxic
hormone-disrupting chemicals that may harm your health in
numerous ways.
What's Your Garden Hose Made Of?
The Ecology Center, a non-profit research group, tested 21
different garden hoses purchased from popular stores like
Lowe's, Home Depot, Target, and Walmart, looking for chemicals
like lead, cadmium, bromine (associated with flame retardants),
chlorine (which indicates the presence of polyvinyl chloride, or
PVC), phthalates, and
bisphenol-A (BPA).1
One-third of the hoses tested contained high levels of one or
more chemicals of concern, and more than half (67 percent) were
made of PVC. PVC is a significant source of exposure to
chemicals known as phthalates, which are used as plasticizers.
The total phthalate content of the hoses ranged from 11
percent to 18 percent by weight, and all of those made from PVC
that were tested for phthalates contained one or more chemicals
banned for use in children's products by the Consumer Product
Safety Commission (CPSC).
Phthalates are one of the groups of "gender-bending"
chemicals causing
males of all species to become more female. These chemicals
have disrupted the endocrine systems of wildlife, causing
testicular cancer, genital deformations, low sperm counts, and
infertility in a number of species, including polar bears, deer,
whales, and otters, just to name a few.
Scientists believe phthalates are responsible for a similar
pattern in humans as well. A significant portion of the hoses
(4.5 percent) also contained brominated flame retardants.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) resemble the molecular
structure of PCBs, which have been linked to cancer,
reproductive problems, and impaired fetal brain development.
Higher exposures to PBDEs have been linked to decreased
fertility,2
which could be, in part, because the chemicals may mimic and
therefore disrupt your thyroid hormones. Research has suggested
PBDEs can lead to decreases in TSH (thyroid-stimulating
hormone).3
When present with normal T4 levels, low TSH is typically a
sign that your thyroid is being disrupted and you are developing
hyperthyroidism, which can have significant ramifications both
for you and your unborn child if you're pregnant.
As for cancer, one type of PBDE -- decaBDE -- is also
classified as a possible human carcinogen by the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), while the others remain
largely untested. Other concerning chemicals found in garden
hoses include:
- Hazardous metals, including tin stabilizers and antimony
- Lead (14 percent had lead levels of greater than 100
parts per million (ppm)
Toxic Chemicals Can Lurk in Water from Your Garden Hose
One of the primary problems with making consumer products out
of
toxic plastics is that the chemicals can be released into
the water that runs through them. This is why I've long
recommended using glass dishware, storage containers, and
drinking bottles in lieu of plastics. Obviously, there are no
glass garden hoses (though there are some more natural options,
which I'll explain shortly)…
What this means is that, assuming your garden hose is made of
toxic plastic chemicals, as it sits outside in the sun those
chemicals concentrate in the water. When the Ecology Center
researchers tested water from a hose that was left out in the
sun for two days, they found:
- BPA levels of 0.34 to 0.91 ppm, which is three to nine
times higher than the safe drinking water levels used by the
National Science Foundation (NSF)
-
DEHP (a phthalate) levels of 0.017 ppm to 0.011 ppm,
which is two times higher than federal drinking water
standards
Generally speaking, the study found that PVC and vinyl hoses
were the worst in terms of leaching phthalates and BPA, which
makes sense since phthalates are used to make plastics flexible.
Those with copper fittings contained the most lead.4
In 2012, the researchers found even worse results when they
tested 90 garden hoses, including BPA levels of 2.3 ppm and DEHP
levels of 0.025 ppm.5
(For that study they also found that many gardening products,
including gloves, kneeling pads, and tools, contain chemicals of
concern as well.) The Ecology Center reported on the garden-hose
findings:6
"…for the first time in 2012 we tested both the hoses
and the water that sat in a hose for a few days. Our test
data showed that the plastic additives in PVC hoses,
including phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), leach out of the
hose and into the water. When we lab tested the water, we
found additives at levels many times higher than drinking
water… In 2013] we screened more garden hoses and released
new data that showed PVC hoses still contain phthalates that
are banned in children's products -- and that they continue
to leach phthalates and BPA at levels that exceed drinking
water standards."
Is There a Safer Garden Hose?
PVC hoses, polyurethane, or, even better, natural rubber
hoses are available. You can also find hoses that are "drinking
water safe" or at least "lead free." Storing your hose in the
shade may also help to minimize the amount of chemical leaching
that does occur.
For most people, however, you can significantly reduce your
toxen exposure via your garden hose by letting the water run
until it's cold before using it. The water that's been left
sitting in your hose, and heating up in the sun, will be the
most chemical-laden.
Once the warm water is released and the cold water begins, it
should have a much smaller toxic load. So do this before
spraying it on your vegetable garden or plants. Even still, you
should avoid drinking water out of any garden hose (or giving it
to your pets), as it's an unnecessary and entirely avoidable
risk.
Looking for a Natural Source of Water for Gardening? Try a Rain
Barrel
Your garden hose isn't the only way to get water for your
plants… adding a rain barrel or two to your backyard is another
option. This is simply a large container that you use to capture
storm water (that would otherwise be lost to runoff) from your
roof. For each quarter-inch of rain that falls on an average
home, you can collect about 200 gallons of water,7
which means most people can collect thousands of gallons of
water in a season – plenty for watering your flower beds and
vegetable garden. According to the Conservation Foundation:8
"Around 40% of total household water used during the
summer months is for watering lawns and gardens. Rainwater
doesn't contain chlorine, lime or calcium, which makes it
ideal for watering your flowers and vegetable garden or
washing your car or windows. You may notice a decrease in
your water bill! Even if you don't have an intended use for
the water, emptying the rain barrel after a storm reduces
the rate and volume of stormwater the sewer system and our
rivers and streams have to manage at a peak time."
Plus, it's a simple way to
save water while avoiding the plastics chemicals in most
garden hoses. One caveat: you will want to be sure you choose a
natural material, such as wood, for your rain barrel, as plastic
versions will have the same chemical-leaching issues as garden
hoses.
Copyright 1997- 2014 Dr. Joseph Mercola. All Rights Reserved.