Dec 23rd 2016

An experimental Ebola vaccine completely protected people from the killer virus at the end of the west African epidemic, researchers report.

They used the same strategy that was used to eradicate smallpox in the 1970s. Called ring vaccination, it calls for vaccinating people who have been in contact with patients, and contacts of contacts.

It worked, the team led by the World Health Organization found.

"Vaccine efficacy was 100 percent," they wrote in their report, published in Friday's issue of the Lancet medical journal.

"While these compelling results come too late for those who lost their lives during West Africa's Ebola epidemic, they show that when the next Ebola outbreak hits, we will not be defenseless," said WHO's Dr. Marie-Paule Kieny, who led the trial.

It's not a surprise - researchers had been working on an Ebola vaccine for years but because the virus only usually caused occasional, small outbreaks, it was hard to test it.

"VACCINE EFFICACY WAS 100 PERCENT."

Plus no governments or companies had invested the time or money needed to develop a vaccine.

Then the epidemic started in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia in late 2013. By the time it was completely stopped earlier this year, it had infected 28,000 people and killed more than 11,000 of them.

Researchers rushed several vaccines into production.

This vaccine was developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada, which licensed it to a company called NewLink Genetics. Pharma giant Merck & Co. bought the license and is making it.

It uses an animal virus called vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The virus is harmless to people. Vaccine makers genetically engineered it to carry a little piece of Ebola DNA to stimulate an immune response.

Experts including Dr. Donald A. Henderson of John Hopkins University, who helped led the campaign to eradicate smallpox, designed a ring vaccination trial. Henderson died in August.

By the time all this work was done, the epidemic was waning. It's hard to test a vaccine if the disease is not spreading, but the international team tried it out in a coastal region of Guinea where Ebola cases were still being reported.

The virus spreads by direct contact, either between people or with bodily fluids such as blood from someone very ill with Ebola, or who has died from it.

The researchers tracked down every person who may have been in contact with a case, including family members and friends. Then they found people who had been in contact with those people. Each of these "rings" ended up including about 80 people.

Half got the vaccine and half did not.

The trial was stopped when it became clear that the vaccine was truly protecting people from infection, even after they'd been in direct contact with an Ebola victim.

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