We humans tend to pat ourselves on the back when we make strides in converting the sun's light into energy through solar technology, but plants have been doing much the same thing on Earth for thousands of years. Realizing this, a team of scientists lifted an imprint off rose petals and created a film that significantly boosted the efficiency of solar cells. Their findings have been reported in the journal Advanced Optical Materials.

The researchers from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg (ZSW) in Germany began their work by looking at the optical properties of the epidermal cells from a variety of different plants. They were particularly interested in the ability this outer layer had to absorb – rather than reflect – light.

They found that rose petals were particularly good at this skill.

"As the scientists found out under the electron microscope, the epidermis of rose petals consists of a disorganized arrangement of densely packed microstructures, with additional ribs formed by randomly positioned nanostructures," says a KIT report about the research. This not only allows roses to absorb more light, it creates strong colors that assist with drawing insects in for pollination purposes.

Once the rose was chosen as a good candidate, the researchers made an imprint of the outer layer of the petals by using a silicon-based polymer. That, in effect, created a mold. They then poured a clear optical glue into the mold and cured it under UV light.

That gave them an exact transparent copy of the structure of the rose petals' epidermis, which they placed atop existing solar cells where they saw a 12 percent boost in efficiency for light that hit the panels vertically. For light that came in at a sharper angle, the efficiency boost was even greater, with an increase of 44 percent at an 80-degree angle of light.

In May, scientists reached a new record in the efficiency of solar cells, logging a 34.5 sunlight-to-electricity conversion rate. Incremental improvements to that number through means such as those demonstrated with the rose petal structure will help to increase solar power's use as a practical energy source.

The researchers are now working to investigate the role of a disorganized surface such as that in a rose petal's epidermis in other photosensitive surfaces and hope to find further improvements in the efficiencies of solar cells.

Source: KIT via Eureka Alert